「ionization」の共起表現(1語右で並び替え)

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In field	ionization, a high-potential electric field is applied
etector gas, a particle will produce primary	ionization along its track.
nation with the excited state lifetime makes	ionization an expected outcome.
Simultaneous detection of	ionization and heat with semiconductors at low temperat
oteins are typically ionized by electrospray	ionization and trapped in a Fourier transform ion cyclo
esearch on field electron emission and field	ionization, and his role as an adviser to the United St
of energy to maintain the required degree of	ionization and overcome the recombination events that l
ergy, initial condensation will give rise to	ionization and plasma formation and not to formation of
fraction and self-attenuating diffraction by	ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt
t shows O VI superionization caused by X-ray	ionization and the Auger ionization effect.
lution X-ray Spectrum of Cyg X-1: Soft X-Ray	Ionization and Absorption"
gh fundamental processes such as excitation,	ionization, and dissociation of atoms and molecules.
on possess several phenomena such equatorial	ionization anomaly or ionospheric perturbations in auro
multiplication factor (M) or gas gain in an	ionization avalanche process (Townsend avalanche).
Ions are typically formed by electrospray	ionization, but they can also be formed by matrix-assis
The Advanced Thin	Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) is a balloon-borne instru
Matrix-assisted laser desorption	ionization can be used as a mass spectrometry imaging t
This occurs because the two	ionization capable hydrogen atoms on the acid molecule
An	ionization chamber is an instrument constructed to meas
nergy, and when they collide with gas in the	ionization chamber (mostly nitrogen and oxygen) the mom
ional counter for radiation measurements, an	ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a dia
nm X-ray flux utilized a beryllium window	ionization chamber filled with xenon gas.
The	ionization chamber has found wide and beneficial use in
A Sievert chamber is a type of	ionization chamber used in radiation dose measurements.
The	ionization chamber is the simplest of all gas-filled ra
cidence telescopes, a cosmic-ray integrating	ionization chamber, cosmic dust detectors, and scintill
onsisting of 30 Geiger-Muller meters, and an	Ionization chamber.
There were two	ionization chambers aboard for detecting X-rays in the
erefore two octants were equipped with dE/dx	ionization chambers, two octants were equipped with hig
the form of parallel plates (Parallel Plate	Ionization Chambers: PPIC), or coaxial cylinders to for
The advent of electrospray	ionization changed this.
Thus, the usual	ionization constant for hydrofluoric acid (10-3.15)
The	ionization constant, dissociation constant, self-ioniza
International Muon	Ionization Cooling Experiment
and they are neutral which means no need for	ionization corrections in the measurements.
Electron-impact	ionization cross sections and rates for ions of neon; C
Flame	ionization detector
A discharge	ionization detector (DID) is a type of detector used in
A helium	ionization detector (HID) is a type of detector used in
The design of the flame	ionization detector varies from manufacturer to manufac
A proportional counter is a type of gaseous	ionization detector.
n mode is an excellent replacement for flame	ionization detectors in petrochemical or refinery envir
orkplace, shipping, disposal, etc. Discharge	ionization detectors have generally supplanted them.
Multiplication factor or gas gain in gas	ionization detectors used in Nuclear and Particle Physi
Wire chambers are essentially gaseous	ionization detectors with many electrodes instead of on
DIDs are an improvement over Helium	ionization detectors in that they contain no radioactiv
Ionization-type smoke detectors are gaseous	ionization detectors.
of electrons that dissipate their energy as	ionization due to the interaction between the charged p
In contrast to electron	ionization, EC-MS uses low energy electrons in a gas di
Laser spray has better	ionization efficiency than conventional electrospray io
Furthermore, α and d1 affect the	ionization efficiency, while β and d2 affect the collec
e PID will only detect components which have	ionization energies similar to or lower than the energy
c table compared to caesium, it has a higher	ionization energy and is radioactive) or known metalloc
ositive and of the order Vα3, where V is the	ionization energy and α is the mean atomic polarizabili
Its Bohr radius and	ionization energy are within 0.5% of hydrogen, deuteriu
various techniques, depending on whether the	ionization energy is provided by an X-ray photon, an ul
eoretical interest because it has the lowest	ionization energy (3.51 eV) of all stable chemical elem
f periodic trends such as atomic radius, 1st	ionization energy (IE), electronegativity, oxidizing an
Because of its low	ionization energy, W2(hpp)4 is easily oxidized back to
, couples a nano HPLC system and an electron	ionization equipped mass spectrometer.
ermined by measuring the drift time from the	ionization event to the MWPC at the end.
a manner similar to desorption electrospray	ionization for ambient ionization and has been couplet
The maximum values of	ionization for this latitude lie in the range of 50-70
they are probably only located closer to the	ionization front than those found in the Lupus planetar
transforming cold gas to hot and causing an	ionization front gradually to advance outward.
At	ionization fronts, where H I regions collide with expan
ut any magnetic field like in a hot filament	ionization gauge.
Sonic spray	ionization has been coupled with high performance liqui
Compared with conventional electrospray	ionization, high salt tolerance and direct sampling and
Following	ionization in an electrospray source, a peptide precurs
The degree of	ionization in an H I region is very small at around 10−
those obtained by conventional electrospray	ionization in the case of aqueous solutions.
certainly not an application of electrospray	ionization in the context of this article.
ed for the first observations of multiphoton	ionization, in 1965.
eveloped the ADK formula, relating tunneling	ionization in laser fields.
ource; however atmospheric pressure chemical	ionization interface is also used.
(or “arc”) mode the plasma is maintained via	ionization internally by hot plasma electrons (~ 3300 K
If smoke gets between the plates where the	ionization is taking place, the ionized gas can be neut
r Radar Investigation of Cosmic-rays of High	Ionization, is an apparatus for the detection of ultra-
This approach to laser spray	ionization is a hybrid of three basic techniques for th
One application of thermal	ionization is thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIM
The largest	ionization is in response to the flare on November 28,
Electron capture	ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or mol
Adiabatic	ionization is a form of ionization in which an electron
(below few tens of MeVs), the energy loss by	ionization is predominant.
	Ionization is generally undesirable, as it reduces the
ic shape suggestive of a spectrum altered by	ionization losses and generated by a continuous source.
omplete instrument is referred to as a spark	ionization mass spectrometer or as a spark source mass
Electron	ionization mass spectrum of toluene .
Recently, electrospray	ionization mass spectrometry has been used to corrobora
in, and novel applications of, electrospray	ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS).
The	ionization mechanism of low molecular weight molecules
The	ionization mechanism depends on the analyte and solvent
that each group of molecules has a different	ionization mechanism; described in detail in the Princi
Magneto-diaflux,	ionization medical gymnastics;
Other mass spectrometry	ionization methods can also be used for MS imaging: for
on of electrospray (ESI) and desorption (DI)	ionization methods.
There are several	ionization methods: electron ionization, chemical ioniz
mass calculations in isotopic radiation and	ionization nuclear and atomic energy.
A low	ionization nuclear emission-line region, a type of nucl
M94 is classified as having a low	ionization nuclear emission region (LINER) nucleus.
Rxn with sodium methoxide leads first to the	ionization of the amine on the side chain; this then cy
ay be caused by variations in the density or	ionization of gas and dust near the AGN that absorb the
e ions from sodium acetate will suppress the	ionization of acetic acid and shift its equilibrium to
, 19 and 35 u rather than by electron-impact	ionization of gaseous species, with the effects similar
e diffusion of the electrons coming from the	ionization of the gas.
s most organic acids are deprotonated by the	ionization of a polar hydrogen-to-oxygen bond, usually
His thesis was on column	ionization of alpha particles.
clopentadiene, which forms a stable anion by	ionization of the C-H bond.
The resulting persistent	ionization of the low-density atmosphere cut high frequ
e and ionizes one of the gas atoms, complete	ionization of the gas occurs.
ld in which electron tunneling can result in	ionization of gaseous analyte molecules.
The dE/dx chambers measured the	ionization of charged particles as they passed through
The	ionization of an acid or a base is limited by the prese
er MS system equipped with ESI (electrospray	ionization) or nanoESI source.
water (through evaporation, dissociation and	ionization) or other suitable liquid
or, in other implementation, pulsed electron	ionization or Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization
The ratio of	ionization over scintillation produced by electron and
Jν is the	ionization per unit volume produced in the gas
h other reagent gas molecules will create an	ionization plasma.
a drift voltage to guide electrons from the	ionization point to the GEM, an amplification voltage,
The local	ionization potential map (the property of local ionioza
ater, methane, and other compounds with high	ionization potential (IP) values to absorb the photons
If a molecule with a low	ionization potential (e.g.
where I is the	ionization potential and A the electron affinity.
om the atomic orbitals of the gas atoms (see	ionization potential), leaving an electron and positive
Wolfgang Finkelnburg	Ionization Potentials of Higher Atomic Ions, Phys.
ite still in orbit, but they did utilize his	ionization process and perhaps improved it.
e arc through the argon flow to initiate the	ionization process.
part of protein extracts interfere with the	ionization process.
mp, to ionize the analyte with single photon	ionization process.
cording to the Bragg-Gray cavity theory, the	ionization produced within a gas-filled cavity inside a
absorption, and heater-created field-aligned	ionization, refer to HAARP.
tion near the surface of the crystal gave no	ionization signal, so electron recoils near the surface
s (TESs) read out by SQUID amplifiers, while	ionization signals are read out using an FET amplifier.
article discusses the use of electrospray as	ionization source for mass spectrometry.
exploited in Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton	Ionization Spectroscopy (REMPI).
of laser-based techniques such as Resonance	Ionization Spectroscopy has allowed relatively easy acc
efficient and x is the length of the path of	ionization, starting from the point of the primary ioni
	Ionization takes place by directing an electrically cha
ed laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) is an	ionization technique used for analyzing biomolecules by
onization (DAPPI) is an atmospheric-pressure	ionization technique for mass spectrometry.
EI is known as a low-efficiency	ionization technique.
On the other hand, soft	ionization techniques such as ESI are, in some cases, f
P or neutron interactions) produce much less	ionization than electron recoil events (produced by alp
After	ionization, the ions travel through air into the atmosp
In electron	ionization, this is the minimum electron energy that pr
However, it can be possible to span this	ionization threshold energy if the photon energy is res
voltage are insufficient for the additional	ionization to occur and thus the ion recombines.
s the only mode capable of generating linear	ionization traces.
ission of high energy ionized particles, the	ionization track of which can be detected by a number o
Critical	Ionization Velocity experiment
Field desorption	ionization was first reported by Beckey in 1969.
Partial	ionization yields the monovalent hydrogenacetylenedicar

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