研究社 新和英中辞典

さよう^１ 作用

〈働き〉 (an) action; working

〈影響〉 an effect

〈機能〉 【形式ばった表現】 a function

作用する

〈影響を与える〉 act [【形式ばった表現】 operate, work] 《on something》; affect

〈働く〉 act [【形式ばった表現】 function] 《as》

作用し始める

come into play

作用反作用の法則

the law of (the equality of) action and reaction

用例

作用あれば反作用あり. To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. なにか超自然的な力が作用しているかもしれない. Some supernatural power may be at work. それは太陽光線の人体に及ぼす作用による. It is due to the action of the sun's rays upon the human body.

作用点

〈挺子(_てこ)の〉 the point of action 《of a lever》.

斎藤和英大辞典

作用

読み方 さよう

名詞

Action; agency; working; operation; a process; a function:（=する） to act, work, operate （on anything）; to act, function （as something）

用例

機関にはおのおの独特の作用がある
Each organ has its special function.

たいがいの病は今は微菌の作用だとなっている
Most diseases are now referred to the action of bacilli.

酸類は金属に作用がある
The acids act on metals.

薬は患部に作用がある
Medicine works on―operates on―the affected part.

この酸が解毒剤の作用をする
The acid acts as―functions as―an antidote.

化学的作用
chemical action

自然の作用
natural agency

自然の法則の作用
the operation of natural laws

機械の作用
the working of a machine

消化作用
the digestive process

熱や電気の作用
the action of heat―the action of electricity

この機械は電気の作用によって運転する
The machine is worked by electricity―operated by electricity.

JMdict

作用

読み方：さよう

（名詞、サ変名詞） action; operation; effect; function

機械工学英和和英辞典

作用

action，interaction

電気制御英語辞典

作用

action

学術用語英和対訳集

作用

action

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書

作用

OP; action; action and effect; effect; function; interaction; operation; working

英和医学用語集

作用

action，effect

ライフサイエンス辞書

作用

***** さよう

(n*) action ****

(n*) effect ****

(vi) act ****

関連語

影響, 行為, 効果, 行動, 効力, 作動, 措置, 働く, 効能, 条例

用例

mode of action [作用様式]

This has stimulated development of models of integrin function and also the mode of action of small-molecule inhibitors. (Curr Opin Pharmacol)

Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. (Science)

The mechanisms of action of these drugs are still not fully established; indeed, different compounds in this class may have different modes of action. (Lancet)

The functions of their individual domains and the modes of action are also similar. (Biochemistry)

Their mode of action is to inhibit tubulin polymerization and destabilize microtubules. (Gene)

site of action [作用点]

The MS appears to be a critical site of action for BDZ-induced deficits in spatial working memory. (Behav Neurosci)

Although implicated in various biologic functions, their molecular sites of action have not been clarified. (Science)

Many peptides and transmitters found within the brain also have peripheral sites of action. (Nat Neurosci)

action of A on B [AのBに対する作用]

Raloxifene did not antagonize the action of estradiol on cell proliferation. (J Periodontol)

The inhibitory action of NO on IL-12 p40 is independent of the cytokine IL-10. (J Biol Chem)

Preincubation with pertussis toxin (PTX) prevented the actions of phenylephrine on ICl.swell. (Circ Res)

Consistent with a direct action of the cytokines on basophils, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the presence of IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors on basophils. (J Immunol)

These results reveal a new site of action of insulin on glucose production and suggest that hypothalamic insulin resistance can contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Nat Med)

<We show that mice deficient in Akt2 are impaired in the ability of insulin to lower blood glucose because of defects in the action of the hormone on liver and skeletal muscle. (Science)

用例

effect of A on B [ＡのＢへの効果，影響]

We therefore investigated the effects of PS-containing liposomes on immune responses in mice in vivo. (J Immunol)

The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on H19 DMD methylation was tissue-specific. (J Biol Chem)

From our analysis of the effect of obesity on longevity, we conclude that the steady rise in life expectancy during the past two centuries may soon come to an end. (N Engl J Med)

To assess the influence of selection bias, we also evaluated the effect of irradiation on osteoporotic fractures in nonirradiated sites (arm and spine). (JAMA)

Further experimental research is required to verify the influence of increased outflow facility on intraocular pressure fluctuation and the effect of this on glaucoma progression. (Curr Opin Ophthalmol)

The trends are limited, as are their implications, because most studies examine adult males, yet the effects of stress on learning processes are influenced by age and sex differences. (Annu Rev Psychol)

This study assessed the effect of levodopa on the rate of progression of Parkinson's disease. (N Engl J Med)

have no effect on [〜に効果を及ぼさない]

Current models for the evolution of new gene functions after gene duplication presume that the duplication events themselves have no effect on fitness. (Nat Genet)

We overexpressed dFOXO, a downstream effector of IIS, in the adult Drosophila fat body, which increased life-span and reduced fecundity of females but had no effect on male life-span. (Science)

lack of effect of [〜が効果のないこと]

The lack of effect of R123 on swelling-activated Cl- current denotes that Pgp-mediated transport of organic substrates and Pgp-associated Cl- currents can occur at the same time in a single cell. (J Biol Chem)

A complicating factor in these studies is surgical preparation-induced leukocyte rolling , which leads to a lack of effect of histamine on this parameter. (J Immunol)

have no apparent effect on [〜に明らかな効果を及ぼさない]

Mutations in the metazoan branchpoint sequence (BPS) have no apparent effect on E complex formation but block the assembly of the A complex. (Mol Cell Biol)

have little direct effect on [〜に直接の効果はあまり及ぼさない]

Ca2+ sparks indirectly cause vasodilation through activation of KCa channels, but have little direct effect on spatially averaged [Ca2+]i, which regulates contraction. (Science)

have distinct local effects on [〜に著明な局所的効果を及ぼす]

Although YY1 induces similar structural changes in DNA at different binding sites, it can have distinct local effects on protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. (Mol Cell Biol)

have similar biological effect on [〜に同様な生物学的効果を及ぼす]

The cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-15 have similar biological effects on T cells and bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA)

用例

act on [〜に働く]

Drugs acting on the CaR might treat other disorders of bone remodelling, including osteoporosis. (Lancet)

Although there are no reports that adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) require a cofactor, we show that IP6 is required for activity. (Science)

GPCR agonists and antagonists act on the extracellular side of the receptors, whereas the intracellular surface has not yet been exploited for development of new therapeutic agents. (Nat Med)

act as a [〜として働く]

In addition, interactions between homeodomain/leucine zipper genes and an allelic series of ago1 indicate that miRNA acts as a signal to specify leaf polarity. (Nature)

AtERF7 binds to the GCC box and acts as a repressor of gene transcription. (Plant Cell)

act through [〜を介して作用する]

These drugs thus act through a novel type of noncompetitive antagonism. (Mol Pharmacol)

TH acts through nuclear receptors that are encoded by two genes, TRalpha and TRbeta. (EMBO J)

Glucocorticoids, acting through the glucocorticoid receptor, potently modulate immune function and are a mainstay of therapy for treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, leukemias and lymphomas. (Nat Med)

fast-acting [速効性の]

Here, we report the presence of a remarkably robust and fast-acting glycinergic inhibitory system capable of suppressing calyceal transmission. (J Neurosci)

Most neurons release a single fast-acting low-molecular-weight transmitter at synapses to activate and open postsynaptic ion channels. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA)

Fast-acting excitatory neurotransmission in the retina is mediated primarily by glutamate, acting at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) -selective and kainate-selective receptors. (J Comp Neurol)

Albuterol acted as a sequential fast-acting channel blocker, increasing the mean burst duration in a concentration dependent manner without altering the total open time per burst or the duration of intraburst blockages. (Brain Res)

actionの共起表現

effectの共起表現

日本語WordNet(英和)

作用

【動詞】

1 affect

身体的に作用する

(act physically on)

the medicine affects my heart rate 薬は私の心拍数に影響を与える

2 touch on, affect, touch, bear on, bear upon, impact

影響を及ぼす

(have an effect upon)

Will the new rules affect me? 新しい規則は私に影響するでしょうか？

3 shape, influence, mold, regulate, determine

形または影響

(shape or influence)

experience often determines ability 経験はしばしば能力を決定する mold public opinion 世論の形成

4 act, work

効果か結果を持つ

(have an effect or outcome)

The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought 投票処理は人々が思ったほどよく利かない How does your idea work in practice? あなたの考えは実際にはどのようにうまくいきますか? This method doesn't work この方法はうまくいかない The breaks of my new car act quickly 私の新しい車の中断はすぐに行動する The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of water たくさんの水と一緒に飲むことで、その薬の効き目がある

【名詞】

1 influence

いかなる直接的または明白な努力なしに、何かを引き起こすこと

(causing something without any direct or apparent effort)

2 mathematical process, operation, mathematical operation

数学的手段による計算

(calculation by mathematical methods)

the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation 章の終わりの問題は微分法を含む数学法の例題だった they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic 彼らは算数の基礎的な演算を学んでいた

3 effect, consequence, upshot, outcome, event, result, issue

ある先行する現象に続く現象、またはある先行する現象を原因とする現象

(a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon)

the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise ロッドが縦状にあるとき、磁気効果は非常に大きくなった his decision had depressing consequences for business 彼の決定には、ビジネスに暗い影響を及ぼした he acted very wise after the event 彼は、その出来事の後、非常に賢明に行動した

4 activity, natural process, natural action, action

（人間の意志によってというよりも）自然の中に存在するもしくは自然によって作り出される過程

(a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings))

the action of natural forces 自然の力の作用 volcanic activity 火山活動

5 function

1つの事がもう1つの事に依存している関係

(a relation such that one thing is dependent on another)

height is a function of age 絶頂はその時代の効用です price is a function of supply and demand 価格は需要と供給の相互作用によるものである

>>「作用」に関する類語一覧

EDR日英対訳辞書

作用

読み方 サヨウ

work

日英・英日専門用語辞書

作用

action，influence，interaction，function

クロスランゲージ 37分野専門語辞書

作用

work; operation; effect; behavior; action and effect; action; effects; interaction; operativeness; working; act; function

Weblio英和対訳辞書

作用

function

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