朝鮮半島においては、李氏朝鮮（1392年-1910年）末、19世紀頃、王の外戚、安東金氏による政治「勢道政治」が行われていた。

In the Korean Peninsula, in the late Yi Dynasty Korea (1392 - 1910) or around the nineteenth century, 'sedo jeongchi' or politics by the Kim clan of Andong district, the maternal relative of the king, was conducted. - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

清の徐継畭の『瀛環志略』や李氏朝鮮の安鼎福の『東史綱目』には、倭寇の原因は日本に対する侵略行為(元寇)を行った高麗（朝鮮）への報復である、と記述されており、応永の外寇以前の前期倭寇は局地的な奪還・復讐戦であるとして『倭寇』と呼ばず、これ以降の後期倭寇を『倭寇』と考える説もある。

In both the 'Ying huan zhi lue' by the Qing-period Chinese writer Jiyu XI and the 'Tongsa kangmok' by the Joseon-era Korean writer Chong Bok AN, the motivation of the Wako is considered to be retribution for Goryeo-era Korea's participation in the two invasions (by the Mongols) of Japan, and as such some have argued that the actions of the early Wako, who appeared before the Oei Invasion, should be considered a local effort to recapture lost wealth and a war of vengeance against Korea and China, so these pirates should not be called Wako (Japanese pirates); according to this theory, only pirates appearing after this point should be considered 'Wako,' or Japanese pirates. - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

明治3年（1870年）4月に外務権大録となり、同年10月に外務権少丞の吉岡弘毅の随行で李氏朝鮮に派遣され修交を求めたが、朝鮮側の倭学訓導安東晙に対馬藩吏以外との会見を拒否されたため、明治4年（1871年）11月に一旦帰国した。

In May, 1870, he became Gaimu gon no daisakan (a post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the twelfth rank), and in October of the same year, he was sent to Yi Dynasty Korea in attendance on Koki YOSHIOKA, Gaimu gon no shojo (a post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the ninth rank), to seek for diplomatic relations; however, as Dong-Jun AHN, Wagaku Kundo (倭学訓導) (Korean official who was in charge of diplomatic relations with Japan) at the Korean side, refused meeting anyone but officials from Tsushima Domain, they once returned to Japan in December, 1871. - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス