gageとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English gage, from later Old French or early Middle French gager (verb), (also guagier in Old French) gage (noun), ultimately from Frankish *waddi, from Proto-Germanic *wadją (whence English wed). Doublet of wage, from the same origin through the Old Northern French variant wage. See also mortgage.

動詞

gage (三人称単数 現在形 gages, 現在分詞 gaging, 過去形および過去分詞形 gaged) (transitive)

1. To bind (someone) by pledge or security; to engage.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     Great debts / Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, / Hath left me gaged.

2. (archaic) To bet or wager (something).
   • c. 1626 or 1629–1633 (first performance), [John Ford], ’Tis Pitty Shee’s a Whore […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Richard Collins, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act V, signature I2, verso:

     O doe not goe, this feaſt (I'le gage my life) / Is but a plot to trayne you to your ruine, / Be rul'd, you ſha'not goe.

3. (obsolete) To deposit or give (something) as a pledge or security; to pawn.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     A moiety competent / Was gaged by our king.

名詞

gage (複数形 gages)

1. Something, such as a glove or other pledge, thrown down as a challenge to combat (now usually figurative).
   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     “But it is enough that I challenge the trial by combat — there lies my gage.” She took her embroidered glove from her hand, and flung it down before the Grand Master with an air of mingled simplicity and dignity…

   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry for Freedom, Oxford, published 2003, page 166:

     The gage was down for a duel that would split the Democratic party and ensure the election of a Republican president in 1860.

2. (obsolete) Something valuable deposited as a guarantee or pledge; security, ransom.
   • 1886, Henry James, The Princess Casamassima, London: Macmillan and Co.:

     [I]t seemed to create a sort of material link between the Princess and himself, and at the end of three months it almost appeared to him, not that the exquisite book was an intended present from his own hand, but that it had been placed in that hand by the most remarkable woman in Europe.... [T]he superior piece of work he had done after seeing her last, in the immediate heat of his emotion, turned into a kind of proof and gage, as if a ghost, in vanishing from sight, had left a palpable relic.

語源 2

See gauge.

名詞

gage (複数形 gages)

1. (US) Alternative spelling of gauge (“a measure, instrument for measuring, etc.”)

動詞

gage (三人称単数 現在形 gages, 現在分詞 gaging, 過去形および過去分詞形 gaged)

1. (US) Alternative spelling of gauge (“to measure”)

使用する際の注意点

The spelling gage is encountered primarily in American English, but even there it is less common than the spelling gauge.

語源 3

Back-formation from greengage.

名詞

gage (複数形 gages)

1. A subspecies of plum, Prunus domestica subsp. italica.

派生語

名詞

gage

1. (slang, dated) Marijuana
   • 1951 December 20, William S. Burroughs, “To Allen Ginsberg”, in Oliver Harris, editor, The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945–1959, New York: Penguin, published 1993, →ISBN, page 98:

     Of course, I take a bang or some mud in coffee now and then, and I pick up on gage right smart.

   • 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow, 1st US edition, New York: Viking Press, →ISBN, part 1: Beyond the Zero, page 62:

     Black faces, white tablecloth, gleaming very sharp knives lined up by the saucers... tobacco and "gage" smoke richly blended, eye-reddening and tart as wine, yowzah gwine smoke a little ob dis hyah sheeit gib de wrinkles in mah brain a proccess!

2. (archaic, UK, slang) A pint pot. [18th–19th c.c.]
3. (archaic, UK, slang, metonymically) A drink. [from 19th c.]
4. (archaic, UK, slang) A tobacco pipe. [mid 17th–early 19th c.]
   • 1834, William Harrison Ainsworth, Rookwood, volume 2, page 353:

     Troll us a stave, my antediluvian file, and in the mean time tip me a gage of fogus, Jerry

5. (archaic, UK, slang) A chamberpot. [19th c.]
6. (archaic, UK, slang) A small quantity of anything. [19th c.]
   • 1864, John Camden Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 140:

     GAGE, a small quantity of anything; as “a gage of tobacco,” meaning a. pipeful; “a gage of gin,” a glassful.

7. (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) A quart pot. [15th–19th c.]
   • 1641–42, Richard Brome, A Jovial Crew, or the Merry Beggars, Act 2:

     I bowse no lage, but a whole gage / Of this I'll bowse to you.

   • 1747, Helen Berry, quoting Anonymous, The Life and Character of Moll King, late mistress of King's Coffee House in Covent Garden‎^[1], quoted in "Rethinking Politeness in Eighteenth-Century England", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, published 2001, page 75, volume 11, series 6:

     Harry. To pay, Moll, for I must hike.
     Moll. Did you call me, Master?
     Harry. Ay, to pay, in a Whiff.
     Moll. Let me see. There's a Grunter's Gig, is a Si-Buxom; two Cat's Heads, a Win; a Double Gage of Rum Slobber, is Thrums; and a Quartern of Max, is three Megs: — That makes a Traveller all but a Meg.
     Harry. Here, take your Traveller, and tip the Meg to the Kinchin.