genocideとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Coined by lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent (1900-1959) Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust.^[1][2][3][4] From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”).^[5] Compare genticide.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛnəsaɪd/

名詞

genocide (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 genocides)

1. The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.
   • 1944, November, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, "Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress", chapter 9, page 79

     For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of genocide.

   • 1984, 1:49:22 from the start, in Dune‎^[3] (Science Fiction), spoken by Shaddam IV, →OCLC:

     Shaddam IV: I want fifty legion of Sardaukar on Arrakis at once!
     Subordinate: Fifty legions? That's our entire reserves as well.
     Shaddam IV: This is genocide: the deliberate and systematic destruction of all life on Arrakis!

   • 2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page x:

     Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

   A genocide will always be followed by the denial that it ever happened.

2. (by extension) The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on other grounds.
3. (by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas or practices on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.
   • 1986, James Stuart Olson, Raymond Wilson, Native Americans in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN:

     Native Americans in the twentieth century are no longer a "vanishing race" or a silent minority. They have survived centuries of cultural genocide inflicted on them by non-Native Americans— both the well-meaning and the self-seeking— […]

4. (video games, roguelikes) The elimination of an entire class of monsters by the player.
   • 2000, Kimmo Kasila, “Arch lich at Minetown bones, Help!”, in rec.games.roguelike.nethack (Usenet):

     I used genocide in my first ascension, but have been genocideless ever since. Makes the game much more interesting, but then again, if one hasn't ascended yet, it will be interesting anyway.

使用する際の注意点

Genocide was coined to mean, and is generally used in law to mean, the destruction of an ethnic group as such (as a group). This is the case whether it is done by killing of all members of the group or other means, such as dispersing the group. In common usage, genocide is often used to mean “systematic mass killing”, whether or not the purpose is the destruction of a group or something else, such as terrorizing the group or killing a population without regard to group membership, more specifically known as democide.

同意語

• (systematic killing of substantial numbers of people): genticide

上位語

• crime against humanity

下位語

• ethnic cleansing
• ethnocide
• Shoah
• holocaust, Holocaust
• Porajmos, Samudaripen

派生語

関連する語

参考

• dehumanization
• Holodomor
• pogrom
• war crime

動詞

genocide (三人称単数 現在形 genocides, 現在分詞 genociding, 過去形および過去分詞形 genocided)

1. (transitive) To commit genocide (against); to eliminate (a group of people) completely.
   • 1986, Oversight of the Board for International Broadcasting: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, second session, June 17, 1986, volume 4, page 145:

     Even though the Soviet constitution and that of the Ukrainian SSR contain provisions guaranteeing freedom of religion and other fundamental liberties, the Soviet government genocided the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the 1930's [...]

   • 2006, Get 'Em All! Kill 'Em!: Genocide, Terrorism, Righteous Communities‎^[4], page 8:

     A clue appears in the Nazis finding the Gypsies dirty and disorderly (for not only Jews were genocided).

   • 2007, War on Truth: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Invasion of Iraq‎^[5], page 66:

     You just know it makes much more sense to encourage brutal governments to buy our WMD technology than to get them to put food in the empty bellies of their people or quit genociding the populace.

   • 2016, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia‎^[6], page 1193:

     It is unlikely that Sulla succeeded in genociding the Samnites, since their mountains offered many refuges, but in subsequent centuries the Samnites disappeared, being absorbed into the general population of Italy.

派生語

• geno

参照

アナグラム

• endogeic