high crimeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From high (“of great importance かつ consequence; grave”) + crime.

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /ˌhaɪ ˈkɹaɪm/

名詞

high crime (複数形 high crimes)

1. (law) A major crime or wrongdoing, notably one subject to trial before the highest courts which may impose the gravest punishments.

   Antonyms: misdemeanour, petty crime

   Lese majesty used to be a high crime, for which royal or imperial courts often put offenders to death.

   • 1649 February 2, C. W., A Perfect Narrative of the Whole Proceedings of the High Court of Iustice in the Tryal of the King in Westminster Hall, on Saturday the 20. and Monday the 22. of This Instant January. […], London: Printed for John Playford, […], published 23 January 1648–1649 (Julian calendar), OCLC 61378931, page 14:

     Charles Stuart King of England. You have been accuſed on behalf of the People of England of high Treaſon and other high Crimes; the Court have determined that you ought to anſwer the ſame.

   • 1658 June 11, “The Tryal of John Mordant, Esq; on Tuesday the First of June, 1658. 10 Car. II.”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, OCLC 470588883, page 814, column 1:

     By way of Advice, I do acquaint you that there is no Judicature in England ſuperior to this, but the Parliament immediately. You are here impeached of a very high Crime, High Treaſon; it may be a Strain of Youth: the firſt Step to Mercy is Confeſſion.

   • 1710 March 18, [Henry Sacheverell], “Tuesday, March 7 [Julian calendar]. The Eighth Day.”, in The Tryal of Dr. Henry Sacheverell, before the House of Peers, for High Crimes and Misdemeanors; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 81824067, page 349:

     For, my Lords, if I have committed any Faults or Errours in Expreſſion, yet as I inſiſt upon my Innocence with reſpect to all the High Crimes laid to my Charge, ſo I muſt ſtill inſiſt upon all the Doctrines which I have taught, as being agreeable to the Word of God, and to the Doctrine of our excellent and Apoſtolical Church, and which we of the Clergy are oblig'd both by Subſcription, and Oath to acknowledge, and defend.

   • 1787 September 17, “[Constitution of the United States]”, in The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, retrieved 19 June 2019, Article II, section 4:

     The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

   • 1836 March 18, [Thomas Hart] Benton, “Expunging Resolution”, in Register of Debates in Congress, Comprising the Leading Debates and Incidents of the First Session of the Twenty-fourth Congress: […] (United States Senate), volume XII, Washington, D.C.: Printed and published by Gales and Seaton, OCLC 632870493, column 899:

     Treason and bribery [in the United States Constitution, Article II, section 4] have their precise definitions; other high crimes and misdemeanors have their import, but have not been legally defined, so as to include all cases which may fall under their heads. [...] A high crime is always understood to be some great offence against the State or the public; a misdemeanor is some petty offence in office, consisting of any kind of misbehaviour, or ill behaviour.

   • 1868 January, “Art. I.—1. History of the American Civil War. By John William Draper, […]. 1867. 2. Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy of America. By John William Draper, […]. 1865.”, in [Albert Taylor Bledsoe and Sophia Bledsoe Herrick], editors, The Southern Review, volume III, number V, Baltimore, Md.: Bledsoe and Browne, OCLC 65357195, pages 18–19:

     The South entered an equal Union, in which she was promised the control of one branch of Congress, for her safety, her freedom, and her protection therein; and it was her high crime, her unpardonable rebellion, that she refused to submit to an overwhelming majority in both branches thereof. [...] This, in the estimation of the North, was her high crime and misdemeanor. In the estimation of history, it will be her noble-doing and heroic virtue.

   • 1989 April 25, Impeachment of Walter L. Nixon, Jr., Report to Accompany H. Res. 87, 101st Congress, 1st Session [H. Rep. 101-36], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, OCLC 721054655, page 5; quoted in Elizabeth B. Bazan; Anna C. Henning, “Background”, in Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice (CRS Report for Congress; 98-186), Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 8 April 2010, OCLC 1053541698, page 23:

     Congress has repeatedly defined "other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" to be serious violations of the public trust, not necessarily indictable offenses under criminal law [...]

   • 1993, Howard Fast, “Our Friends in Washington [Uncommon Thieves]”, in War and Peace: Observations on Our Times, Armonk, N.Y.; London: M[yron] E. Sharpe, →ISBN, page 190:

     I am not dwelling today on high crimes. High crimes are so mind-boggling that the ordinary citizen cannot deal with them. [...] On the other hand, the practice of cheap chicanery, of dirty little cons, swindles and petty thievery, is something that at one time or another touches every one of us and is well understood.

参考

• capital crime
• high treason

Further reading

• high crimes and misdemeanors on Wikipedia.