household taxationとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Such a taxation system greatly depended on systems which closely controlled the populace, such as the ancient systems used to maintain the koseki (household registers) and keicho (yearly tax registers), as well as the Koku-gun-ri (-go) system (an administrative system used to divide lands and regions).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

こうした租税制度は、古代の戸籍制度・計帳の整備や国郡里（郷）制といった緻密な人民支配システムに大きく依存していた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This registration system not only served as a starting point of "rokunen-ichizo" (literally, "one creation in six years) in which family registers were created every six years thereafter, but also made it possible to see the direct composition of each household by organizing households in terms of fifty households in ichi-ri on an administrative basis and describing each family member's name, age and relation to the household head in detail, and served as a ledger to conduct Handen Shuju (a regulation of land ownership) and jinto kazei (poll taxation).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

同戸籍は、その後の六年に一度作成するという「六年一造」の造籍の出発点になっただけでなく、五十戸一里を基準に行政的に戸を編成して、その戸内の家族（戸口）の名・年齢・戸主との続柄などを詳述したことによって、個々の家族構成を直接的に把握することを可能にし、それを基に班田収授を行い、人頭課税をする台帳の機能も果たした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Agriculture tax, for example, had been levied based on standard farm production? the amount of an average grain production ?regardless of each farm household’s income levels as minimum taxable income was not applied to farmers, a taxation system that makes poor households poorer. In imposing agriculture tax, China’s provincial governments have leeway in levying extra tax as a way of securing financial sources for infrastructure improvement. Furthermore, farm house holds have to shoulder various farming expenses on their own. All these necessary expenses have posed bigger financial burden to low-income earners in farm districts, compared with urban households and high-income earners in farm districts, worsening the poverty of rural areas in China.例文帳に追加

例えば、①農業税は最低課税限度額が存在せず、穀類作物の平年生産量を基準に課税されていたことから、貧困層にとって、より厳しい税制となっていたこと、②農業税には地方政府が自前で行うインフラ整備のための財源として、付加税を自由にかけることができたこと、③農業経営に係る費用負担は各家計の負担となっていること、等の必要経費が、都市部家計及び農村部の高所得家計に比べて農村部の低所得家計にとって大きな負担となり、農村部の貧困に拍車をかけた。 - 経済産業省

Actions include: infrastructure investment (Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa); supporting research, education and skills development and eliminating tariffs on machinery and manufacturing inputs (Canada); reform of pricing for factors of production, promote market-based interest rate reform in an orderly manner and gradually achieve RMB capital account convertibility as stated in its current 5-year plan (China); structural reforms in the services sector to boost productivity (France, Germany, Italy, Korea); tax reform aimed at a more employment-friendly taxation (Germany, Italy); raising standards of disclosure of information by financial institutions (Russia); phasing out wasteful and distortive subsidies in the medium term, while providing targeted support for the poor (India, Indonesia); reforms to energy efficiency and greater use of renewable and domestic energy resources (Turkey), agriculture (Argentina); ; enhanced regional integration to promote trade and investment (South Africa); improved practices and enhanced oversight of the short-term financing markets and reforms to help promote a rise in household savings as a share of GDP (US); transitioning to a clean energy economy through effective carbon price mechanism (Australia) and, efforts to promote green growth (Korea).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

行動には，インフラ投資（ブラジル，インド，インドネシア，メキシコ，サウジアラビア，南アフリカ），研究，教育及び職能開発の支援，及び，機械類と製造原料への関税の撤廃（カナダ），現在の5ヵ年計画に記載された，生産要素の価格形成における改革，市場に基づいた金利改革の秩序だった手法による促進，及び人民元の資本勘定自由化の漸進的な達成（中国），生産性を高めるためのサービス部門における構造改革（フランス，ドイツ，イタリア，韓国），より雇用に配慮した税体系を目指す税制改革（ドイツ，イタリア），金融機関の情報開示基準の向上（ロシア），貧困層へ対象を絞った支援を提供しつつ，無駄で市場歪曲的な補助金の中期的な縮小（インド，インドネシア），エネルギーの効率性と再生可能及び国内のエネルギー資源の利用拡大に向けた改革（トルコ），農業部門改革（アルゼンチン），貿易・投資促進のための地域統合の強化（南アフリカ），短期金融市場に係る慣行の改善及び監督の強化，並びに対GDP比の家計貯蓄率の増加の促進に資する改革（米国），効果的な炭素価格メカニズムを通じたクリーン・エネルギー経済への移行（オーストラリア），グリーンな成長を促進する取組（韓国）を含む。 - 財務省