matronaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Gaulish Dea Matrona, from mātīr.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmaː.tro.na/, [ˈmäːt̪rɔnä] or IPA^(key): /ˈma.tro.na/, [ˈmät̪rɔnä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈma.tro.na/, [ˈmäːt̪ronä]
• The vowel in the penultimate vowel is known to be short, but the length of the vowel in the first syllable seems to be not certainly known. Gaffiot marks it as long.

固有名詞

Mā̆trona f sg or m sg (genitive Mā̆tronae); first declension

1. The river Marne
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:

     Gallōs ab Aquītānī Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Mā̆trona et Sēquana dīvidit.

     The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitanians, the Marne and the Seine from the Belgians.

   • c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, Mosella 461–463:

     Nōn tibi sē Liger anteferet, non Axona praeceps,
     Mā̆trona nōn, Gallīs Belgīsque intersita fīnīs,
     Santonicō refluus non ipse Carantonus aestū.

     Not the Loire will have preference before you, not precipitous Aisne,
     not the Marne, put between the Gaulish and Belgian lands,
     not the Charente himself, driven back by the Santonic tide.

使用する際の注意点

The gender is variously given as masculine^[1], feminine^[2], or variable^[3] in dictionaries and grammars. Feminine follows the general gender assignment of first declension nouns; masculine follows a general rule that river names in Latin were masculine. Both rules have exceptions. It is feminine in Ausonius.

語形変化

First-declension noun, singular only.

派生した語

• French: Marne
• → Old English: Mæterne

参照

• “Matrona”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Matrona in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “Matrona”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly