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negentropyとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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意味・対訳 ネゲントロピー (negentropy) は、生命などの系が、エントロピーの増大の法則に逆らうように、エントロピーの低い状態が保たれていることを指す用語である。
Wiktionary英語版での「negentropy」の意味 |
negentropy
語源
A blend of negative + entropy, coined by the French physicist Léon Brillouin (1889–1969). The term negative entropy was introduced by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961) in his book What is Life? (1944, based on lectures delivered in February 1943).[1]
発音
名詞
negentropy (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 negentropies)
- (thermodynamics) The difference between the entropy of a system and the maximum possible entropy of the same system. [from 1950s]
- 1956 April, Brillouin, Léon, “Summary of Thermodynamics”, in Science and Information Theory, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →OCLC, section 2 (The Two Principles of Thermodynamics; Entropy かつ Negentropy), pages 116–117:
- An isolated system contains negentropy if it reveals a possibility for doing mechanical or electrical work: […] A tank of compressed gas in a room at atmospheric pressure, a vacuum tank in a similar room, a charged battery, any device that can produce high grade energy (mechanical work) or be degraded by some irreversible process (thermal conduction, electrical resistivity, friction, viscosity) is a source of negentropy. […] If a living organism needs food, it is only for the negentropy it can get from it, and which is needed to make up for the losses due to mechanical work done, or simple degradation processes in the living system. Energy contained in food does not really matter, since energy is conserved and never gets lost, but negentropy is the important factor.
- 1977, Boris G. Kuznetsov, Philosophy of Optimism, Moscow: Progress Publishers, page 35:
- The same magnitude, but with a minus sign, i.e., the measure of macroscopic ordering, the measure of non-uniformity in the distribution of heat, the measure of the differences in temperature—temperature gradients—is called negentropy.
- 2013, John E. Mayfield, “The Evolution of Complexity”, in The Engine of Complexity: Evolution as Computation, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 277:
- (information theory) The difference between the entropy of a probability distribution and the maximum possible entropy of the same probability distribution.
- 1990, Aleksandr I. Zotin, “Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes”, in Thermodynamic Bases of Biological Processes: Physiological Reactions and Adaptations, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, section 1.3.2 (Maxwell’s Demon かつ Negentropy Effects), page 46:
- Brillouin (1956) made an attempt to link thermodynamic notions to the notions of information theory. To this end he employs the idea of bound information or information consistent with some microstates of a physical system. […] Brillouin has shown that bound information is equal to entropy decrease or negentropy increase. This is a so called negentropy principle of information, according to which negentropy can be turned into information and vice versa as follows from (1.103).
反意語
派生語
- negentropic
参照
Further reading
- negentropy on Wikipedia.
- maximum entropy probability distribution on Wikipedia.
ウィキペディア英語版での「negentropy」の意味 |
Negentropy
出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/05/31 14:56 UTC 版)
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Text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). Weblio英和・和英辞典に掲載されている「Wikipedia英語版」の記事は、WikipediaのNegentropy (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)もしくはGNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 |
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