recreantとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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ハイパー英語辞書での「recreant」の意味 |
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recreant
印欧語根 | ||
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kerd- | 心臓・胸、心を表す(heartなど)。語幹cordを持つ語(accord, recordなど)の由来。creditなどの由来として、信じること。 | |
re- | 後ろに、逆に、以前に、引き返す(印欧語根wer-参照)の意味の印欧語根。接頭辞re-(recommend, refer, remain, returnなど)の由来として、後ろに、再びの意。他の重要な派生語は、接頭辞retro-(retrogradeなど)、surrenderなど。 |
接頭辞 | ||
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re- | 「再度」「新しく」、後ろ向き・後ろの意味で用いられる場合と、強意として用いられる場合がある。印欧語根re-から。 |
接尾辞 | ||
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-ant | 1「…性の、…をする」などの意の形容詞語尾 2「…する人[もの]、作用者[物]」の意の名詞を造る |
Wiktionary英語版での「recreant」の意味 |
recreant
語源
From Middle English recreaunt, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French recreant (“defeated”), from recroire (“to yield in a trial by combat, surrender allegiance”). Compare miscreant.
形容詞
recreant (comparative more recreant, superlative most recreant)
- (now rare, poetic) Having admitted defeat and surrendered; defeated. [from 13th c.]
- 1387, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Part 3: "The Parson's Tale":
- Soothly, he that despeireth hym is lyk
The coward champious recreant, that seith,
Creant withoute nede, allas! akkas! bedekes us
He recreant and nedelees despeired.
[Translation by Larry D. Benson from Riverside Chaucer: Truly, he that despairs himself is like the cowardly defeated champion, who says "I surrender" without need. Alas, alas, needless is he defeated and needless in despair.]
- 1759, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 3, Chapter 22concerning trials by battle:
- [V]ictory is obtained if either champion proves recreant, that is, yields, and pronounces the horrible word of craven; a word of disgrace and obloquy rather than of any determinate meaning. But a horrible word it indeed is to the vanquished champion; since, as a punishment to him for forfeiting the land of his principal by pronouncing that shameful word, he is condemned as a recreant amittere liberam legem, that is, to become infamous, and not to be accounted liber et legalis homo; being supposed by the event to be proved forsworn, and therefore never to be put upon a jury or admitted as a witness in any cause.
- (now poetic, literary) Unfaithful to someone, or to one's duties or honour; disloyal, false. [from 17th c.]
- 1793, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Christabel:
- 1855, William Wells Brown, chapter 27, in Sketches of Places and People Abroad:
- I charge it to the recreant sons of the men who carried on the American revolutionary war, and who come together every fourth of July to boast of what their fathers did, while they, their sons, have become associated with bloodhounds, to be put at any moment on the track of the fugitive slave.
派生語
- recreance
- recreancy
- recreantly
名詞
recreant (複数形 recreants)
- Somebody who is recreant, who yields in combat; a coward or traitor.
- 1928, Montague Summers, chapter 3, in The Vampire, His Kith and Kin:
- [I]n the Choephoroe of Aeschylus Orestes pursues the same idea saying that unless he avenges his father, a stern duty which has devolved upon him, he will be punished in turn by the avengers of his father's wrongs. It may be remarked that in Maina to-day no recourse must be had to law for such cases, nor must the injured person satisfy himself by calling upon the aid of the police. To do this were incredibly base, the subterfuge of a recreant and a craven.
アナグラム
- Terrance, canterer, recanter
Latin
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