半開国の英語

まず欧米を「文明国」、オスマントルコや中国、日本等を「半文明国」（「野蛮国」）、アフリカ諸国等を「未開国」とした。例文帳に追加

At first, Europe and America were defined as "civilized nations," and Ottoman Turks, China, Japan and so on were defined as "Semi-civilized nation" ("barbaric nation") and African countries and so on were defined as "undeveloped nation."発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

それまでの天誅は、開国派や公武合体派であった個人を狙ってのものが大半であったが、この事件では足利将軍の木像を梟首することで暗に倒幕の意味を持つものとして重視された。例文帳に追加

Heaven's punishment used to be given to those individuals that were a part of groups which were for opening Japan to the world, integrating the imperial court and the shogunate, but this incident was counted because destroying the heads of wooden images of the Ashikaga Shoguns implied that they wished to overthrow the Shogunate.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1854年の開国以来の混沌とした政治情勢を受けて半ば非常時の体制へ移行したものであるが、その主導者は幕府自身（幕閣）ではなく、薩摩藩主の父・島津久光および朝廷の公武合体派公卿らに主導されて出された勅使による圧力の下、やむを得ず改革を迫られたというのが実情である。例文帳に追加

Although the bakufu shifted to the quasi-emergency regime due to the chaotic political situation since the opening of the country to the world in 1854, such change was not initiated by the bakufu itself (the cabinet officials of the Shogunate) but was forced under the pressure from the imperial envoy dispatched by the initiation of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU who was the father of the the lord of the Satsuma Domain as well as the court nobles supporting Kobu Gattai (an idea of uniting the court and the shogunate), so the reality was that the shogunate had no option but to carry out the reform.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス