佃田の英語

1つは周藤吉之・堀敏一らの説で均田制の崩壊で小農民による土地所有原則が崩壊して大土地所有が発生して地主と佃戸が形成され、宋代に入ると地主層が官僚となり佃戸を駆使して荘園を経営するようになった。例文帳に追加

One theory by Yoshiyuki SUDO, Toshikazu HORI and so on is that with the demise of the Equal-field system, the land ownership principle by peasant folks collapsed, the large landholding began, the owner and the denko were born and in the Sung dynasty the class of owners became the bureaucrats who came to manage shoens using the denkos.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

宋代の官田は、民田が州・県などの地方政府によって管理されるのに対し、官田を専管する中央官庁の下に置かれ、国家は契約した小作人（官佃戸）から租を徴収していたが、元、明と時代が下るにつれて、官田の多くは民田と共に地方政府によって管理されるようになった。例文帳に追加

Unlike private estates which were managed by local governments such as zhou (prefecture) and xian (county), Kanden in the Song period was under the control of central authorities and the state collected land taxes from contracted tenant farmers, but in more recent years in Yaun and Ming, most kanden were controlled by local governments as well as private estates.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

名主は領主・地頭から名田の耕作を請け負いながら、屋敷を構え、下人や所従などの下層農民を支配し、屋敷近くに佃（つくだ）と呼ばれる良田を所有した。例文帳に追加

Myoshus built their houses, governed low-ranking farmers such as genin (servants who served to their masters as slaves) or shoju (retainers) and so on and owned good rice fields called tsukuda (directly-managed rice fields by a lord or an officer of shoen) near their houses, undertaking the cultivation of myoden from local lords and jitos.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

例えば、在地領主の家において行われる年中行事に必要な食物や供物、彼らの直営田である佃における耕作作業（田植・草刈・稲刈）などがそれにあたる。例文帳に追加

For exemple, it refers to food or altarage necessary for annual events which were held in the house of local lord, or cultivation service (rice planting, weeding, reaping) in the fields directly managed by them.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

荘園においては年貢・公事が賦課される名田を対象とするのが一般的であるが、荘園領主直営の佃・正作や一色田・給名田をはじめとする雑役免の対象地、散田などを含む。例文帳に追加

In the manors, myoden (rice-field lots held by a nominal holder), which were subject to nengu and kuji, were generally categorized as joden, but also any lands which were subject to zoyakumen (exception from all levies except the regular land tax) including the cultivation of fields and rice fields directly managed by the manor owners, as well as isshikiden (partially exempt fields), kyumyoden (rice fields given to an officer or a steward of a manor by his lord), and sanden (deteriorated rice fields) were included in the category.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この直営地は、佃（つくだ）、御作（みつくり）、正作（しょうさく）、門田（かどた）などと呼ばれ、地頭の従属民である下人（げにん）や所従（しょじゅう）、又は荘民に耕作をさせていた。例文帳に追加

These pieces of land under their direct management were called by different names, such as "tsukuda" (private land), "mitsukuri" (privately cultivated land), "shosaku" (privately owned land) or "kadota" (family land), and were cultivated by their servants called "genin" or "shoju" or by village farmers.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

公営田の収穫の中から、中央へ納入すべき調・庸や耕作百姓への食料・報酬（佃功という）、溝池修理料などが支弁された。例文帳に追加

From the harvest from Kueiden, Cho and Yo were paid to the Central Government, food and reward (called tsukudako) to the cultivators, and charges for repairing rivers and ponds were also paid.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

本家・領家など上級領主による直営田を佃とし、荘官・地頭など下級領主によるものを正作・用作として区分することもある。例文帳に追加

Rice fields directly managed by upper class feudal lords, such as head family and ryoke, may be called tsukuda while rice fields directly managed by lower class feudal lords, such as shokan and jito, may be called shosaku and yujaku to differentiate.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス