影の労働費用の英語

ただし、国内の労働市場に対する影響、教育、医療、住宅等の新たな社会的費用の発生等が予想されるので、これらのインパクトを考慮しながら、外国人労働者受入れを行っていく必要がある。例文帳に追加

However,there will be an impact on the domestic labor market, and as new social costs such as education, medical care and housing are also expected to emerge, it is necessary to consider such impacts and costs when accepting foreign workers. - 経済産業省

２　補装具費の額は、補装具の購入又は修理に通常要する費用の額を勘案して厚生労働大臣が定める基準により算定した費用の額（その額が現に当該補装具の購入又は修理に要した費用の額を超えるときは、当該現に補装具の購入又は修理に要した費用の額とする。以下この項において「基準額」という。）の百分の九十に相当する額とする。ただし、当該基準額の百分の十に相当する額が、当該補装具費支給対象障害者等の家計に与える影響その他の事情をしん酌して政令で定める額を超えるときは、当該基準額から当該政令で定める額を控除して得た額とする。例文帳に追加

(2) An amount for prosthetic devices expenses shall be equivalent to 90/100 of the expenses amount calculated by the standard specified by Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare as considering the expenses normally needed for purchase or repair of prosthetic devices (If the amount surpasses the amount of expenses which was actually required for purchase or repair of such prosthetic devices, the amount shall be such amount of expenses which was actually required for purchase or repair for the prosthetic devices; hereinafter referred to as "base amount"); provided, however, if, an amount equivalent to 10/100 of such base amount surpasses the amount prescribed in the Cabinet Order as considering influences of such amount on domestic accounts of such object persons with disabilities for prosthetic devices, the amount shall be the amount obtained by deducting such amount prescribed in such Cabinet Order from such base amount.発音を聞く  - 日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム

このように、近年、企業に雇用される人々の意識が一般的にはリスク回避的になり、開業希望率が減少していることと、第2章で述べたような、近年の労働市場の変化等との関係については、〔1〕1990年代まで大企業を中心とする年功賃金制が「日本的雇用慣行」として定着していると認識され、人々の予想する将来賃金が上昇してきたこと、〔2〕1990年代のデフレ経済の悪影響がまず自営業等の小規模な企業から破産・廃業の増加等の形で現れ、人々の予想する自営業の所得が顕著に低下しリスクが顕著に増加したこと、〔3〕大企業の被雇用者に本格的な雇用調整が及んだのは1990年代後半であったことから、将来の予想賃金が低下するにはかなり時間がかかったこと、〔4〕定年退職後の収入については、「日本的雇用慣行」の下でも不安定性があることが早くから認識され、また、1990年代に企業が中高齢層のリストラを進め高齢者の転職市場は厳しい状況が続き、50歳代の賃金については大企業でも比較的早くから調整が進んだことから、中高齢者にとっては転職と比較して開業することの機会費用が下がった可能性があること、また、この年代の人々はバブル崩壊による持ち家価格の低下等の影響を被ることが比較的少なかったこと等が指摘できる。例文帳に追加

People employed by enterprises have thus generally grown more risk averse in recent years. Regarding the relationship between the decline in the prospective entry rate and recent changes in the labor market such as those described in Chapter 2, attention may be drawn to the following: (1) the seniority-based pay systems found primarily at large enterprises up to the 1990s were recognized as having become entrenched as "Japanesestyle employment practices," and the future wages expected by people rose; (2) the negative effects of the deflationary economy in the 1990s first manifested themselves in the form of an increase in bankruptcies and exits among small enterprises such as the selfemployed, and there was a conspicuous decrease in the incomes and a conspicuous increase in the risks of selfemployment expected by people; (3) as full-fledged employment adjustment did not really impact on employees of large enterprises until the latter half of the 1990s, it took considerable time for future expected wages to fall; and (4) the instability of income after mandatory retirement even with "Japanese-style employment practices" has long been recognized, enterprises restructured their middle-aged and older workers in the 1990s, conditions in the elderly reemployment market remained severe, and wages of employees in their fifties underwent adjustment from a comparatively early stage, creating the possibility that for the middle-aged and elderly, the opportunity cost of entry compared with changing jobs has fallen, in addition to which people in this age group were comparatively less affected by the effects of the collapse of the bubble, such as the decline in home prices. - 経済産業省