徭役の英語

雑徭（ぞうよう、ざつよう）は、中国及び日本の律令制下での労役の形態を取る租税制度である。例文帳に追加

The zoyo tax system was one in which taxes were paid in the form of labor, under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in China and Japan.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

官戸はだいたい徭役を免除され両税等の課税についても一定限度内で優免を得る場合がみられた。例文帳に追加

Guanhu were generally exempt from mandatory labor and there were circumstances in which they gained a certain degree of special exemption from some forms of taxation.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

雑徭は、国司の命に従って、国内の土木工事や政府機関での雑用に従事する労役義務である。例文帳に追加

The irregular corvee was labor carried out on public works or miscellaneous work at government offices within a province and ordered by the provincial governor.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その代替として調及び雑徭などの課役の一部が免除され、また兵役も免除されていたが、品部と比較すると、内容・待遇の両面において重労働に従事したと考えられている。例文帳に追加

In return, they were exempted from part of assignments imposed, such as cho (tributes) and zoyo (irregular corvee), as well as from military service, but it is thought that they were engaged in harder work than shinabe in terms of both contents and treatment.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

律令制の租税である租が変質したと考えられる官物・年貢に対して、雑徭など人身別賦課を引く雑公事・夫役・臨時雑役などを指して称した（庸・調の後身に関しては官物説と雑役説の両方がある）。例文帳に追加

Whereas Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and Nengu (land tax) are considered as the transformation of the tax, So (rice tax) of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Zoyaku indicated Zokuji (all miscellaneous dues in the form of non-rice products and labor), Buyaku (labor service), Rinji Zoyaku (extraordinary irregular levies) that are considered as a continuance of a per-capita tax, Zoyo (irregular corvee) (regarding what the taxes of Yo [labor or alternative goods] and Cho [textile goods or alternative money] transformed into, there are two theories: one theory asserts Kanmotsu and another Zoyaku).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

臨時雑役は主に雑徭にあたる賦課が変質したものでそこに交易（租庸調などで徴収された米を元手に国家・国衙に必要な物資を調達すること）などの要素が加えられたものであると考えられている。例文帳に追加

Rinjizoeki is considered to be a modified form of the corvee imposing forced labor, but later other elements, such as Kyoyaku (a task to acquire the necessary materials for the State and kokuga, using the rice collected through the Soyocho and other tax levying system) were added.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

上記のうち、主として田租や正税出挙に由来するものを官物（かんもつ）といい、主として調・庸・雑徭に由来するものを雑役（ぞうやく）といった。例文帳に追加

Among the taxes mentioned above, those that corresponded to tax paid by rice and the shozei-suiko were called kanmotsu (the tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), and those that corresponded to tax paid by textiles, tributes, labor were called zoyaku (the miscellaneous duties).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この頃、個別人身支配から土地課税への転換に伴って、従来からあった租庸調・正税・雑徭・交易物などの税目が消え、新たに官物・臨時雑役などといった税目が出現していた。例文帳に追加

In the wake of the transition from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, former taxes, such as Soyocho, shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse), zoyo (irregular corvee) and trading goods, were abolished and new items of taxation, such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and rinji zoyaku (general term for odd-job tasks), were introduced.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス