Africaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English Affrike, from Old French Affrique, Affrike, from Latin Āfrica, from Āfrī, singular Āfer (inhabitant of the country of Carthage), in turn either from:

• The Punic or Phoenician word ������‎ (ʿpr /⁠ʿafar⁠/, “dust”), which has cognates in other Semitic languages.
• The Berber word ifri (“cave”), plural ifran, in reference to cave dwellers of Tunisia (see Tataouine).
• Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) + φρίκη f (phríkē), meaning "without cold"
• Latin aprica (“sunny”).

発音

• (Received 発音, 米国発音, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/
• (General South African) IPA^(key): /ɛfrɨkə/
• 韻: -æfɹɪkə

固有名詞

Africa (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 Africas)

2. The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.

   the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa

   Synonym: (sometimes offensive, dated, くだけた用法) Dark Continent

3. (nonstandard, proscribed) Sub-Saharan Africa, contrasted with the Maghreb.
   • 2021 June 10, Abdelmajid Hannoum, The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 205:

     The Sahara stood as an important marker between the Maghreb and Africa, not only in modern times but in times immemorial.

4. (historical) A province of the Roman Empire containing what is now modern Tunisia and portions of Libya.
5. A surname.

下位語

• Subsahara

派生語

関連する語

• Africanish
• Afrikaans
• Apefrica
• Apefrican

派生した語

• → Swahili: Afrika

参考

• (continents) continent; Africa, America (North America, South America), Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania ^{(Category: en:Continents)}

アナグラム

• AFAICR, Faraci

Latin

語源

Feminine of āfricus/Āfricus, as a noun elliptic of terra āfrica/Āfrica (字義どおりに “the African land”). The adjective Āfricus comes from the name of the Āfrī (単数形 Āfer), a tribal people of the area near Carthage, by addition of the suffix -icus.

The Latin term formed alongside Greek ἡ Ἀφρική (hē Aphrikḗ), both terms being attested since the first century.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.fri.ka/, [ˈäːfrɪkä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fri.ka/, [ˈäːfrikä]

固有名詞

Āfrica f sg (genitive Āfricae); first declension

1. Northwestern Africa, the territory of Carthage, the African coast west of the Nile

   Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens (Pliny 5, 9, 10, § 53)

2. Africa (a province of the Roman Empire) (later split into Africa Zeugitana かつ Africa Byzacena under Diocletian)
3. Africa as a continent, understood as the quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean

   Si probare possemus Ligarium in Āfricā omnino non fuisse.

   If we could prove that Ligarius was not at all in Africa.

語形変化

First-declension noun, singular only.

関連する語

• āfricānus
• āfricus

派生した語

• → Corsican: Africa
• → English: Africa
  • Tok Pisin: Afrika
  • → Malay: Afrika
• → Italian: Africa
• → Old French: Affrique
  • French: Afrique
  • Norman: Afrique
• → Romanian: Africa

参照

• "Africa", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "Africa", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Africa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette