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発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈstiːvən/, /ˈstevən/, /ˈstɛvən/‚ [ˈstiːvn̩], [ˈsteɪ̯vn̩], [ˈstɛvn̩]

語源 1

From Middle English steven (“voice, command, constitution”), from 古期英語 stefn (“voice”), from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō (“voice”), earlier *stemnā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *stómn̥ (“mouth, muzzle; (originally) hole?”). Cognate with Old Frisian stifne, stemme (“voice”), Old Saxon stemna (“voice”), Dutch stem, Old High German stimma, stimna (“voice”) (German Stimme), Gothic ������������ (stibna, “voice”), and more distantly Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”), Avestan ������������‎ (staman, “maw”), and possibly Hittite ���������� (iš-ta-mi-na-aš /stāminas/, “ear”). See also stevvon. Displaced by voice.

名詞

steven (複数形 stevens)

1. (Northern England, Scotland, obsolete) Voice, especially when loud or strong.
   • 1566, William Addlington, translator, The Golden Asse, Apuleius

     […] whereby the little birds weening that the spring time had bin come, did chirp and sing in their steven melodiously […]

   • 17th c., Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne:

     When Little John heard his master speake, / Well knew he it was his steven.

   • a. 1801, Richard Gall, Poems & Songs (1819) 93:

     Then could her Sangsters loud their steven raise.

   • 1826, James Hogg, Queen Hynde vi, in Poems (1865) 262:

     All nature roar'd in one dire steven; Heaven cried to earth, and earth to heaven.

   • 1865, William Stott Banks, List Provinc. Words Wakefield:

     Thah's a rare stevven, lad.

   • 1880, Sidney Lanier, Sir Thomas Malory, Alfred Kappes, The Boy's King Arthur:

     Then Sir Launcelot said with dreary steeven [voice], “Sir bishop, I pray you give to me all my rights that longeth to a Christian man.”

   • a. 1886, Eric Mackay, Love Lett. Violinist (1895) 197:

     He […] lifted up his steven To keep the bulwarks of his faith secure.

2. (obsolete) Request, petition, prayer, or command.
   • a. 1500, "Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 6":

     To thee, lady, y make my moon; I praie thee heere my steuen.

   • 1589, Thomas Lodge, Scillaes Metamorphosis E 2:

     Father of light […] Bring to effect this my desired steauen.

   • 1597, Thomas Middleton, Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xviii. xiv–xvi. sig. Y3v:

     And brought thy precept? as a burning steauen, Reaching from heauen to earth, from earth to heauen.

派生語

• even steven

関連する語

• stevvon
• stoma

語源 2

From Middle English steven (“appointment”), from 古期英語 stefn (“a time, turn, tour of duty”), from Proto-Germanic *stabnijaz, *stabnijô (“fixed time”), from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“a stake, post; to support, stamp, insist, become angry”). Cognate with Middle Low German stevene (“a court appointment”), Old Norse stefna (“appointment, meeting”). More at staff.

名詞

steven (複数形 stevens)

1. (obsolete) A time, occasion.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:

     And that same nyght that the steavyn was sette betwyxte Segwarydes wyff and Sir Trystrames, so Kynge Marke armed and made hym redy [...].

   • 1788, Samuel Johnson, George Steevens, The dramatick writings of Will. Shakspere, with the Notes of all the various Commentators:

     I should choose to read "at this dull season," rather than this dull steven, [...]— John Monck Mason.

   • 1894, Reginald Brimley Johnson, Popular British Ballads, Ancient and Modern, page 167, "Robin Hood":

     Let us some masteries make,

     And we will walk in the woods even;

     We may chance meet with Robin Hood

     Here at some unset steven.

Further reading

• steven at OneLook Dictionary Search
• steven in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• steven in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

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