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Wiktionary英語版での「Underfiring」の意味 |
underfiring
発音
語源 1
From under- (prefix meaning ‘beneath; insufficient’) + firing, or underfire + -ing (suffix forming nouns from verbs denoting the act of doing something, an action, または the embodiment of an action).
名詞
underfiring (uncountable)
- Intentional operation of a boiler, furnace, oven, etc., at a low level.
- Antonym: overfiring
- 1890, Daniel Kinnear Clark, “Systematic Trials of Furnaces and Boilers (continued)”, in The Steam Engine: A Treatise on Steam Engines and Boilers. […], half-volume I, London; Glasgow: Blackie & Son, […], OCLC 55868892, section I (The Principles かつ Performance of Steam Boilers), page 250:
- The designer believes that by this combination of a combustion-chamber with the underfiring grate the combustion of the fuel is improved.
- 1934, Wilbert J. Huff, “Gaseous Fuels during 1932 and 1933”, in A Survey of American Chemistry, volume VIII, New York, N.Y.: Chemical Catalog Company for National Research Council, OCLC 2394622, page 339:
- The lowered demand for coke during the depression, the necessity of maintaining the gas output and the ready availability of liquefied petroleum gas for underfiring led to the conversion of the North Shore coke plant of Becker ovens at Waukegan, Illinois, to this fuel. […] The thermal efficiency of the underfiring was about five per cent lower and somewhat more attention was required to keep the ovens in balance.
- 1976 April, G. R. Offen; J. P. Kesselring; K. Lee; G. Poe; K. J. Wolfe, “Section 1: Introduction and Summary”, in Control of Particulate Matter from Oil Burners and Boilers (EPA-450/3-76-005), Research Triangle Park, N.C.: Office of Air and Waste Management, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Environmental Protection Agency, OCLC 2687268, page 1-19:
- One of the major factors contributing to high particulate emissions from domestic burners is on-off cycling. […] Modulation and underfiring have been suggested as methods of reducing the significance of the startup transient. […] Underfiring consists of using a smaller (undersized) unit which has to stay on longer and, therefore, cycles less.
- 2010, G. F. (Jerry) Gilman, “Steam Temperature Control”, in Boiler Control Systems Engineering, 2nd edition, Research Triangle Park, N.C.: International Society of Automation, →ISBN, page 125:
- A steam temperature transient correction is a signal that is applied to the normal steam temperature control strategy to counter the impact of a transient process change. An example of a transient process change, and the most typical, would be overfiring or underfiring. Overfiring and underfiring are considered transients because they are not required to maintain a steady-state condition.
- The state of not burning fuel at the desired level, and thus not providing heat efficiently.
- Antonym: overfiring
- 1999, James E. Piper, “Boiler Systems”, in Operations and Maintenance for Energy Management, Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2015, →ISBN:
- In natural gas-fired boilers, gas pressure is critical to proper burner operation and efficient combustion. Variations in gas pressure may cause over- or underfiring of the boiler. […] Underfiring may cause flame instability and poor combustion efficiency due to high levels of excess air.
- 2008, John Krigger; Chris Dorsi, “Heating Systems”, in The Homeowner’s Handbook to Energy Efficiency: A Guide to Big and Small Improvements, Helena, Mont.: Saturn Resource Management, →ISBN, page 133, column 1:
- Gas-burner maintenance should include these measures: […] Adjust gas input if combustion testing indicates overfiring or underfiring.
- 2012, Eugene Silberstein, “Oil Heat”, in Residential Construction Academy: HVAC, 2nd edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, →ISBN, page 680:
- Damaged or clogged oil piping between the tank and the furnace will result in reduced fuel flow to the burner. This can cause burner underfiring, which is identified by: / Reduced heating capacity / High oxygen readings during combustion test / Low stack or flue temperature / Low temperature rise (temperature differential) across the heat exchanger […]
- (also attributively) Heating from below.
- Antonym: overfiring
- 1856 May, William Kemble Hall, “On the Causes of Explosions of Steam Boilers”, in John F[ries] Frazer, editor, Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. […], volume XXXI, number 5 (Third Series; volume LXI, number 365 overall), Philadelphia, Pa.: Franklin Institute, OCLC 925539605, page 299:
- [W]hile there were fully as many under-firing as tube-firing boilers, at work, the majority of explosions took place in boilers of the latter class, and they almost invariably commenced with the collapse of the fire flue.
- 1944 June 26, W[alter] C[larence] Rueckel, Ceramic Nozzle for Regenerative Underjet Coke Ovens, US Patent 2470112 , column 8:
- In an underjet coke oven, a distribution system for delivering a combustion-medium into the underfiring system of said coke oven, comprising: a header-pipe having a plurality of outlets therealong; pipe-connections at a region so remote from the active combustion zone of the underfiring system of the oven as to be unaffected by the heat of active combustion in the combustion zone, for delivering said combustion-medium from said header-pipe outlets to different points in conduit means of said coke-oven underfiring system; […]
- 1977, “Section 1. Program Measures”, in State Energy Conservation Program Sourcebook: Program Measures and Abstracts, volume 4, Washington, D.C.: Office of Conservation and Environment, Federal Energy Administration, OCLC 2731779, page 16:
- 2004, W[illibald] Trinks; M. H. Mawhinney; R. A. Shannon; R. J. Reed; J. R. Garvey, “Heating Capacity of Batch Furnaces”, in Industrial Furnaces, 6th edition, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section 3.8.7, page 103:
- The piers should be a minimum of 8″ high (0.2 m) so that underfiring can be used to heat the pieces from below (かつ traditional overfiring to heat from above).
- (ceramics) The state of being insufficiently fired or underfired.
- Antonym: overfiring
- 2001, Mark Burleson, “Glaze Faults”, in Katherine Duncan Aimone, editor, The Ceramic Glaze Handbook: Materials, Techniques, Formulas, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Lark Books, Sterling Publishing, →ISBN, page 85, column 2:
- Underfiring results when the kiln doesn't reach the cone temperature at which your glaze matures. Underfiring can be caused by improper calibration of kiln sitters or computer controllers, firing a kiln too quickly so that not enough time is allowed for the glazes to develop properly, or by kiln elements that are worn and need to be replaced.
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