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意味・対訳 腐敗選挙区(ふはいせんきょく、英語: rotten borough)あるいは懐中選挙区(英語: pocket borough)は、19世紀イギリスの議会制度において、投票者人口が極端に少なくなり、代表性を欠いた不当なかたちで地主が議席を占めたり、影響を及ぼせるような状態に陥った選挙区(バラ、borough)を指した表現。
日本語WordNet(英和)での「rotten borough」の意味 |
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Wiktionary英語版での「rotten borough」の意味 |
rotten borough
語源
From rotten (“in a state of decay”) + borough (“type of administrative district”), because such boroughs were regarded as having “decayed” due to their voters moving away to other places.[1]
発音
名詞
rotten borough (複数形 rotten boroughs) (chiefly Britain, politics)
- (historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century. [from mid 18th c.]
- [1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Crawley of Queen’s Crawley”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 57:
- […] Queen's Crawley was no longer so populous a place as it had been in Queen Bess's time—nay, was come down to that condition of borough which used to be denominated rotten–yet, as Sir Pitt Crawley would say with perfect justice in his elegant way, "Rotten! be hanged—it produces me a good fifteen hundred a year."]
- (by extension) A parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation.
参考
参照
- ^ “rotten borough, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022; see also “rotten borough, n.” under “rotten, adj., n., and adv.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2023.
Further reading
- rotten and pocket boroughs on Wikipedia.
- “rotten borough, n.”, in Collins English Dictionary.
- “rotten borough, n.”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present, reproduced from Stuart Berg Flexner, editor in chief, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Random House, 1993, →ISBN.
- “rotten borough, n.”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
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