them.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

発音

• (強勢) enPR: thĕm, IPA^(key): /ðɛm/
  • (強勢, NYC) IPA^(key): [d̪ɛm]
• (弱勢) enPR: thəm, IPA^(key): /ðəm/
  • (弱勢, NYC) IPA^(key): [d̪ʌm]
  • (弱勢, 一般的ではない用法, General American) IPA^(key): /ðʌm/
• 韻: -ɛm

代名詞

them (三人称, personal pronoun, objective case of they)

1. (in the plural) Those ones.
   1. Used as the direct object of a verb.

      She treated them for a cold.

   2. Used as the indirect object of a verb.

      She wrote them a letter.

   3. Used as the object of a preposition.

      Give it to them.

2. (in the singular) A single person, previously mentioned, especially if of unknown or non-binary gender.
   1. Used as the direct object of a verb.

      If a student has an inappropriate question, whatever you do, do not berate them.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 17:2–5:

        If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the Lord thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the Lord thy God, […] [t]hen shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die.

      • 2006, St. John Ambulance, First on the Scene: Student Reference Guide, →ISBN, Lesson 2, page 3:

        Place the casualty on their back with feet and legs raised—this is called the shock position. [emphasis in original] Once the casualty is positioned, cover them to preserve body heat, but do not overheat.

      • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, London: Bloomsbury, 2008, →ISBN, page 270:

        Someone in the crowd around the lifts called sycophantically, ‘Morning, Yaxley!’ Yaxley ignored them.

   2. Used as the indirect object of a verb.

      If one of my patients calls, please bring them their dinner.

   3. Used as the object of a preposition.

      If someone comes and asks for the ticket, just give it to them.

使用する際の注意点

• Regarding the use of singular them, see they.

同意語

• em (口語)
• 'em (口語)
• hem (廃れた用法)

関連する語

参考

限定詞

them

1. (dialectal) Those.
   • 1835, John Pendleton Kennedy, Horse Shoe Robinson: A Tale of the Tory Ascendency:

     How would you like a scrummage, Andy, with them Scotchmen that stole your mother's chickens this morning?

   • 1915, C.J. Dennis, The Songs of the Sentimental Bloke, published 1916, page 13:

     The world 'as got me snouted jist a treat; / Crool Forchin's dirty left 'as smote me soul. / An' all them joys o' life I 'eld so sweet / Is up the pole.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     "I say it's a shame, Silas Linden, the way them children is treated."

   • 1956, Allen Ginsberg, “America”, in Howl and Other Poems (Pocket Poets Series), City Lights Books, →OCLC, page 33:

     America you don’t really want to go to war.
     America it's them bad Russians.
     Them Russians them Russians and them Chinamen. And them Russians.

   • 2005, Elmer Kelton, Sons of Texas, Tor/Forge, page 111:

     " […] Them two wild horses ain't fit to ride, and I been wonderin' how I was goin' to get you out of this place before them Spanish maybe circle back and finish the job."

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:them.

アナグラム

• MHET, meth, meth-, TEHM