then...とは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English then(ne), than(ne), from 古期英語 þonne, þanne, þænne (“then, at that time”), from Proto-Germanic *þan (“at that (time), then”), from earlier *þam, from Proto-Indo-European *tóm, accusative masculine of *só (“demonstrative pronoun, that”). Cognate with Dutch dan (“then”), German dann (“then”), Icelandic þá (“then”). Doublet of than.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /ðɛn/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ðen/
• 韻: -ɛn

副詞

then (not comparable)

1. (temporal location) At that time.

   He was happy then.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 12:6:

     And the Canaanite was then in the land.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned. But he had then none of the oddities and mannerisms which I hold to be inseparable from genius, and which struck my attention in after days when I came in contact with the Celebrity.

2. (temporal location) Soon afterward.

   He fixed it, then left.

   Turn left, then right, then right again, then keep going until you reach the service station.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 5:24:

     First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand. We spent consider'ble money getting 'em reset, and then a swordfish got into the pound and tore the nets all to slathers, right in the middle of the squiteague season.

3. (sequence) Next in order; in addition.

   There are three green ones, then a blue one.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, with something of the stately pose which Richter has given his Queen Louise on the stairway, and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.

   • 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

     Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

4. (conjunctive) In that case.
   • 1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 1:

     And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
     The Tavern shouted — "Open then the Door!
     You know how little while we have to stay,
     And, once departed, may return no more."

   If it’s locked, then we’ll need the key.

   Is it 12 o'clock already? Then it's time for me to leave.

   You don't like potatoes? What do you want me to cook, then?

5. (sequence) At the same time; on the other hand.

   That’s a nice shirt, but then, so is the other one.

6. (UK, dialect, affirmation) Used to contradict an assertion.
   • 2001, Eric Malpass, At the Height of the Moon‎^[1], page 28:

     ‘She says Indian elephants are tidgy little things.’
     ‘They're not then.’ Emma was getting heated. ‘They're –’
     ‘Emma!’ said Jenny sharply. The child subsided.

同意語

• (at that time): at the time, back in the day
• (soon afterward): and then, and so, subsequently, so
• (next in order): and then, followed by; see also Thesaurus:then
• (in that case): accordingly, as a result; see also Thesaurus:therefore
• (at the same time): concurrently, therewhile; see also Thesaurus:simultaneously
• (contradiction):

参考

• (next in order): if

形容詞

then (not comparable)

1. Being so at that time.
   • 2011, Alessandra Lemma, Mary Target, Peter Fonagy, Brief Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy: A Clinician's Guide, page 124:

     He had met his then girlfriend when he had just started university. The relationship ended unhappily when the girlfriend complained that he never wanted to go out.

名詞

then

1. That time

   It will be finished before then.

接続詞

then

1. Obsolete spelling of than
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto VIII, stanza 30, page 299:

     […] his hand, more ſad [i.e., heavy, hard] then lomp of lead, […]

   • 1595, Ouids Banquet of Sence. A Coronet for his Miſtreſſe Philoſophie, and his amorous Zodiacke. VVith a tranſlation of a Latine coppie, written by a Fryer, Anno Dom. 1400, London: I. R. for Richard Smith:

     And as a Pible caſt into a Spring, / Wee ſee a ſort of trembling cirkles riſe, / One forming other in theyr iſſuing / Till ouer all the Fount they circulize, / So this perpetuall-motion-making kiſſe, / Is propagate through all my faculties, / And makes my breaſt an endleſſe Fount of bliſſe, / Of which, if Gods could drink, theyr matchleſſe fare / Would make them much more bleſſed then they are.

   • c. 1595–1596, W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, OCLC 61366361; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], OCLC 1154977408, [Act V, scene i]:

     Clow[ne]. O they haue lyud long on the almſbaſket of wordes. I maruaile thy M.​hath not eaten thee for a worde, for thou art not ſo long by the head as honorificabilitudinitatibus: Thou art eaſier ſwallowed then a flapdragon.

2. Misspelling of than.

派生語

参照

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “then”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
• then at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Neth, Neth., ethn-, hent

接頭辞

then-

1. Used to emphasise that a status applied at the time but is now no longer applicable.

   My then-boyfriend and I saw LMFAO live at Red Rocks.

   Alexandra Kollontai was born in Saint-Petersburgh, the then-capital of the Russian Empire.

2. Used for clarity when prefixed to the title of a (usually historical) figure that is better-known for a more important position.

   The failure of the Gallipoli campaign was in large part the fault of then-First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill.

   Then-Governor Ronald Reagan introduced several tax cuts.