「diffraction」の共起表現(1語右で並び替え)

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「diffraction」の共起表現一覧(1語右で並び替え)

diffraction

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1語右で並び替え

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In X-ray diffraction a beam strikes a crystal and diffracts into
Because of diffraction, a beam that is not a perfect plane wave wi
In 2008, Varian bought Oxford Diffraction, a British company specializing in X-ray di
plex conjugates for each underlying complex diffraction amplitude.
Henry Lipson on the development of optical diffraction analogue methods.
Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of this compound shows considerabl
50s or earlier , but was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis only in 2005
X-ray diffraction analysis is required for positive identific
According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the reagent traded under the name
itive identification usually requires x-ray diffraction analysis.
responding samples were examined with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy but no
e of a material by techniques such as Bragg diffraction and helium atom scattering is much easier w
nalyzing many features of crystals, such as diffraction and the band gap.
ctural biology, x-ray, neutron and electron diffraction, and protein plasticity.
of measurements in connection with electron diffraction and cathode-ray oscillography.
ical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and so on, some involving preparation of th
, applications of the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction, and applications and extensions of the Fin
Electron Diffraction and the Davisson-Germer Experiment
Electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy
in electrical discharges, and upon electron diffraction and its applications to the study of surfac
PuO2 and a higher oxide identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the
ttering (WAXS), small incidence angle X-ray diffraction and solid state 13C cross-polarization magi
er in materials characterization with x-ray diffraction and on the structural analysis of crystalli
in experimental technique (such as neutron diffraction) and available computational power, the lat
ocusing in a plasma can balance the natural diffraction and channel a laser beam.
lecular parameters were deduced by electron diffraction and X-ray crystallography.
on screen are effectively far enough from a diffraction aperture (for example a slit), then the wav
are cooled with a cold nitrogen stream on a diffraction apparatus to prevent the solvent freezing i
een rays, Airy theory, Rayleigh scattering, diffraction approximation.
ch inevitably affects image quality through diffraction artifacts.
egularities, although these are technically diffraction artifacts.
en as a broadening of the peaks in an X-ray diffraction as is explained by the Scherrer Equation.
ilar to IF7, which was confirmed by neutron diffraction at 1.5K.
mson, who independently discovered electron diffraction at about the same time as Davisson.
The multiple Fresnel diffraction at nearly placed periodical ridges (ridged
Loveday is considered a pioneer of neutron diffraction at high pressure, holding several relevant
e, the larger the angle, α subtended by the diffraction bands.
He also discovered what are known as diffraction bands.
It is the second concept to overcome the diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy pub
arch pioneering optical approaches to x-ray diffraction based on the Fourier transform.
n conclude that the phenomenon is caused by diffraction because halos always have their red part on
re uniformly coloured black, however, light diffraction by the surface texture of the feathers resu
Fraunhofer diffraction by a square sperture
lf-focusing refraction and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser be
Neutron diffraction can be used to establish the structure of l
values of momentum transfer where the Bragg diffraction condition is satisfied and for diffraction
ed orientation such as wire textures on the diffraction data may be significantly reduced without t
In x-ray crystallography, the diffraction data when properly assembled gives the ampl
The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) maintains a database of powder
used to identify substances based on x-ray diffraction data, and is designed for use with a diffra
antum-mechanical calculations with electron diffraction data, if the latter are not sufficient to d
en be more than one solution for any set of diffraction data.
he database of the International Centre for Diffraction Data.
ugh discovered in 1927, Low Energy Electron Diffraction did not become a popular tool for surface a
tion, plain and coloured graduated filters, diffraction, diffusion and polarizers.
Platelet swirling is caused by light diffraction due to the alignment of normal discoid shap
tween dark and light bands decrease until a diffraction effect can no longer be detected.
is designed to block light and also manage diffraction effects caused by removal of the light.
uantum mechanical wave nature of particles, diffraction effects have also been observed with atoms
mall hole, however, can produce significant diffraction effects and a less clear image due to the w
le of nearly 180°, allowed him to avoid the diffraction effects caused (by the apertures) in the ex
nt for the diagonal mirror, eliminating the diffraction effects from a "spider" secondary support.
ew experimental techniques based on neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, and synchrotron x-ray
The Fraunhofer diffraction equation is then
terms can, the equation becomes the Fresnel diffraction equation.
electron lenses allows the geometry of the diffraction experiment to be varied.
o the specimen, one can in effect perform a diffraction experiment over several incident angles sim
the use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray diffraction experiments, now a widely used technique no
Scattering, Reflectivity and Single Crystal Diffraction Experiments.
and services of the ICDD include the Powder Diffraction File databases, educational workshops, clin
s on nuclear detectors and the use of x-ray diffraction, fluorescence, and crystallography to study
ly, as evaluated by the dynamical theory of diffraction for the absorption-less case.
e evaluation of neutron, X-ray and electron diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter.
Fraunhofer diffraction for
Fresnel diffraction for
Froude-Krylov force does, together with the diffraction force, make up the total non-viscous forces
s, e.g., 2000X, and even higher, as long as diffraction fringes are not present to distort the imag
Bragg diffraction from crystals, used in inelastic scattering
light of that wavelength may be subject to diffraction from the grating created by the stacked pla
Diffraction from a circular aperture.
e addressed 10,11.On the other hand, if the diffraction geometry is insensitive to strain, such as
Diffraction geometry, showing aperture (or diffracting
The free spectral range of a diffraction grating is the largest wavelength range for
where a is the period of the diffraction grating and λ is the wavelength of the ligh
R) is an advanced type of three dimensional diffraction grating for microwave RF (Radio-Frequency)
A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating formed by an interference-fringe fi
interstitial voids, which act as a natural diffraction grating for visible light waves, especially
interstitial voids, which act as a natural diffraction grating for light waves in photonic crystal
Diffraction grating effects are sometimes seen in meteo
A prism or diffraction grating can be used to disperse the light.
ms research in interference lithography and diffraction grating fabrication.
ge with a grating (similar to a very coarse diffraction grating) comprising fine parallel wires, an
structure of a crystalline solid acts as a diffraction grating, scattering the electrons in a pred
izontal line image is then projected onto a diffraction grating, which is a very finely etched refl
riodic wave distribution is incident upon a diffraction grating, its image is repeated at regular d
ich operates using a dynamically adjustable diffraction grating.
image, by the design and arrangement of the diffraction grating.
beam of sodium atoms was passed through two diffraction gratings (the second used as a mask) to obs
interferometer using three microfabricated diffraction gratings and Na atoms in the group around P
An echelle spectrograph uses two diffraction gratings, rotated 90 degrees with respect t
xcitation light) and the use of holographic diffraction gratings, etc [for beam diffraction of whit
Picture of Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction: He-Ne laser through tellurium dioxide AOD.
rithm for retrieving the phases in Coherent diffraction imaging.
Stokes continued to work on optical diffraction in large biological molecules.
tely structurally characterized by electron diffraction in the gas phase.
essfully crystallized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction in 2003.
isson discovered that electrons can undergo diffraction, in accordance with French physicist Louis
as co-authored a book, Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science (Kluwer Academic/Plenu
hed a long paper on the dynamical theory of diffraction, in which he showed that the plane of polar
X-ray diffraction in crystals, imperfect crystals and amorpho
mained unanswered until the advent of x-ray diffraction in the 20th century.
Optical examination and x-ray powder diffraction indicated the mineral to be related to bora
A point diffraction interferometer is a type of common path int
X-ray diffraction is commonly used to determine the crystalli
High-resolution X-ray diffraction is used to characterize thickness, crystall
Neutron diffraction is an alternative non-destructive method wh
Diffraction is usually addressed by establishing second
X-ray diffraction is still considered the ultimate proof of a
Powder diffraction is commonly used to identify unknown substa
Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction is the resulting diffraction pattern of lig
vector Q of the Bragg peak about which the diffraction is measured”3.
Powder diffraction is also a common method for determining str
ndamental physical limitation is called the diffraction limit of light.
achieve spatial resolution better than the diffraction limit in air, for both far-field imaging an
al/near infrared has the advantage that the diffraction limit corresponds to a smaller angle for a
er beam through the SIL can be smaller than diffraction limit in air, and the density of the associ
al to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the diffraction limit of a microscope as , where d is the r
Although the diffraction limit severely constrains the range of the
This is far below the diffraction limit (~200 nm).
the laser focus (which is determined by the diffraction limit).
lved spectra at resolutions approaching the diffraction limit.
icroscopes is difficult because of the Abbe diffraction limit.
thods really do allow resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
of the smallest feature in an image that is diffraction limited is the size of the Airy disc.
n dimensions about 100 times smaller than a diffraction limited beam, creating an optical hybridize
A neutron diffraction measurement requires a neutron source (e.g.
e support a radically different approach to diffraction measurement and include: (i) The summation
X-ray diffraction measures the cell parameter, a, which is us
ciple is the same as that of other electron diffraction methods such as LEED and RHEED, but the obt
llowing decade Klug used methods from X-ray diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to dev
s well suited to X-rays such as for optical diffraction microscopy that do not depend on the use of
as long as crystals are available, as x-ray diffraction needs numerous copies of the molecule being
een studied by many methods including X-Ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and electron diffract
onomy, forward scatter is the deflection-by diffraction, nonhomogeneous refraction, or nonspecular
Diffraction occurs because the wavelength of electrons
first to make accurate observations on the diffraction of light (although by some accounts Leonard
This eliminates diffraction of the incoming light that is caused by the
lectronic transport theory and the study of diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves.
The Born approximation of the diffraction of a beam of electrons by atomic nuclei is
Next, Moseley used the diffraction of X-rays by known crystals in measuring th
rnal colors by causing the interference and diffraction of light passing through the microstructure
His thesis, titled Diffraction of shock waves by a thin wing-Symmetric and
d his discovery of the peculiarities of the diffraction of light rays reflected by a concave mirror
quantum mechanical effect consisting in the diffraction of a well-collimated particle beam (often a
azing iridescence" is brought about through diffraction of light (after back-reflection) by the win
He invented a Goniometer to study X-ray diffraction of crystals for which he received the Dudde
l Prize in Physics for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, which was a crucial
that reduces the amount of flare caused by diffraction of other stops and baffles in optical syste
In meteorology, a corona is produced by the diffraction of light from either the Sun or the Moon by
In the diffraction of an ultrashort pulse (in the femtosecond,
maldi, Italian physicist, discoverer of the diffraction of light (d.
Optical Spectrometer (AOS) is based on the diffraction of light at ultrasonic waves.
t Henry Brougham persuaded him to study the diffraction of light.
sion with one grating is removed during the diffraction operated by a second grating;
Fresnel diffraction, or near-field diffraction occurs when this
The X-ray powder diffraction pattern is very distinctive and unlike any
The Mott scattering is the theoretical diffraction pattern produced by such a mathematical mod
onvolution of the ideal image with the Airy diffraction pattern due to diffraction from the iris ap
, can be measured from the intensity of the diffraction pattern and can thus be known experimentall
Other methods of phasing a coherent diffraction pattern include difference map algorithm an
e a theoretical explanation of the electron diffraction pattern from a thin mica film.
The diffraction pattern of a crystal can be used to determi
le to calculate what the theoretical powder diffraction pattern of the phase would look like.
arbon nanotube (left) is used to generate a diffraction pattern (middle) for reconstruction (right)
fects in the crystal leads to an asymmetric diffraction pattern with a complex valued inverse Fouri
acts as a slit, emitting radio waves, their diffraction pattern can be calculated by adding the pha
mined, and the electron density map for the diffraction pattern is calculated.
asured, and was determined to have the same diffraction pattern as those predicted by Bragg for X-r
Qualitatively, where the diffraction pattern is recorded and analysis of the spo
X-rays produce a diffraction pattern because their wavelength is typical
Sharp features in the diffraction pattern arise from periodic, repeating stru
chromatic aberration fell within the large diffraction pattern at focus).
on, arguing that the new reflections in the diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.
diffraction pattern matching Dawes' limit
the aperture is large), the far-field Airy diffraction pattern can also be obtained on a screen mu
Determining the phases of a diffraction pattern is crucial since the diffraction pa
two of the three input beams), or real-time diffraction pattern, in the material.
Working back from the observed diffraction pattern, it may be possible to deduce the s
particular, it could be determined from the diffraction pattern, and was openly discussed by Frankl
From its electron diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to
The SANS diffraction pattern-if interpreted in real space-corres
le structure must be reconstructed from the diffraction pattern.
om which part of the specimen to obtain the diffraction pattern.
information that can be extracted from the diffraction pattern.
ngle 2θ, producing a reflection spot in the diffraction pattern.
An example diffraction pattern.
attern emerges as the incoherent sum of the diffraction patterns associated with the individual dom
The X-ray diffraction patterns of plastic crystals are characteri
this process, the mathematically predicted diffraction patterns of an hypothesized or "model" stru

1 2 次へ＞