「下臈」ともいう。 It was also referred to as 'gero.'
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大上臈という身分 a position for women called 'Ohjohro'
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臈纈染めをした模様 a batik batik
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小上臈という身分の女官 a court lady with a low rank
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僧の臈を積んだ年数 of a priest, the number of years since his ordainment
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下臈という,修行の浅い僧 a priest of low rank
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上臈と略されることもある。 The title is abbreviated as joro at times.
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しかし上臈御年寄に関しては諸説あり、先述した上臈御年寄の役にある大奥女中最高位の女中を単に上臈と言い、その上臈の役にある者で御年寄の役を兼ねていた者を上臈御年寄と言うという説や、上臈御年寄・小上臈(上臈の見習い役)・御年寄の総称を老女とする説も存在する。 However, there are various theories concerning Joro-otoshiyori as in the following: One theory is that the female servants who were positioned in the highest post of the female servants in O-oku, or the Joro-otoshiyori post described above, were simply called Joro, and of those in the Joro post, the persons who were also appointed to the Toshiyori post were called Joro-otoshiyori, and the other theory is that the persons in the Joro-otoshiyori post, in the Ko-joro (female servants training to become Joro servants) post, and in the Otoshiyori post were totally called Rojo.
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大上臈という身分の人 a rank of a high-positioned woman who served in the Japanese Court called 'Ohjohroh'
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平安時代,中臈という,女官の官位 of the Heian era in Japan, an official rank for a woman called {'churo'}
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平安時代,中臈という官位の女官 of the Heian era in Japan, a woman of the official rank called {'churo'}
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江戸時代,中臈という,大名などに仕える役目 of the Edo period in Japan, a role of a person serving a daimyo called {'churo'}
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能シテ紅葉見物の上臈(実は鬼) Noh shite (main role): Joro (high ranking female servant in the Imperial Court) viewing autumnal foliage (actually an Oni [ogre])
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「孝蔵主」は上臈としての雅名であり、実名は不明。 Kozosu' was the name she took as a joro, her actual name is unknown.
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天保7年(1836年)に上臈御年寄となる。 In 1836, Anegakoji became a Joro-otoshiyori.
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大奥での身分は上臈御年寄ふぢ。 At O-oku, she served as Joro Otoshiyori (high rank female servant) and she was called Fuji.
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姉小路-12代将軍徳川家慶付き上臈御年寄。 Anekoji - Joro Otoshiyori to the 12th Shogun Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA.
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江戸時代、大奥に勤める上臈・中臈など高位の女性が打掛を着た。 In the Edo period,the women of higher position such as joro (the highest grade ladies-in-waiting) and churo (the middle grade ladies-in-waiting) who serve in the O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) wore the uchikake.
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妹に伊与子(大奥の上臈御年寄・姉小路)、理子(大奥の上臈御年寄・唐橋(大奥女中)。 Among his younger sisters were Iyo (upper grade Otoshiyori maid Anekoji in O-oku), and Rishi (the upper grade Otoshiyori maid Karahashi in O-oku).
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平安京の内裏に設けられた上臈が居住する五つの殿舎 in Japan, the five houses for court ladies
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江戸時代,中臈という,大名などに仕える役目の女 of the Edo period in Japan, a woman with the role of serving a daimyo called {'churo'}
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これも近世では極臈(六位蔵人の首席)一人のみが着用した。 In the early-modern times, however, only a Gokuro (the head chamberlain of the Rokui no Kurodo) dressed in it.
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先述したとおり、将軍の夜伽の相手は御中臈から選ばれる。 As described above, the person to sleep with shogun was selected from Ochuro servants.
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菊は特別仮親を持たず、天皇の勅で大上臈となった。 However, Kiku did not have an adoptive father, and was appointed as dai-joro by imperial decree.
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三ヶ月奉公し、「弁宰相阿古大上臈」の官位を得る She served in the Imperial Court for three months and was granted the official court rank 'Bensaisyo Ako Dai-joro.'
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姉小路は広大院付の上臈御年寄・梅渓に罪をなすり付けた。 Anegakoji laid the blame on the Joro-otoshiyori named UMETANI who served Kodaiin.
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大奥での位は上臈御年寄。 Her place in O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) was joro Otoshiyori (high rank maid in the Imperial Court who controls the servants in O-oku).
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子は西洞院時良、綾小路局(東福門院上臈)。 Tokiyoshi NISHINOTOIN was his son, and his daughter Ayanokoji no tsubone served Tofukumonin as Joro.
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文化(元号)6年(1809年)儲君付上臈となり、「細井」と号する。 In 1809 she became Joro (high-ranking lady-in-waiting) of the crown prince and called herself 'Hosoi.'
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宮座は基本的には臈次制が採用され、年齢や経験などによって若衆・中老・乙名(大人・年寄)などの区分が見られ、更に乙名の中でも総責任者である一臈(一和尚)以下二臈(二和尚)・三臈(三和尚)などの序列があった。 Basically, Miyaza adopted the Roji system; members were divided into Wakashu (younger members), Churo (people around the age 50), and Otona or Toshiyori (leader of a village) in order of age and experience; in Otona, there were ranks from Ichiro (ichi osho), the general manager, to Niro (ni osho) and Sanro (san osho).
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また、臈次制が弱体化して家格による固定化が進行した。 As the Roji system weakened, the group's hierarchy was permanently determined by family status.
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将軍の側室は基本的に将軍付の中臈から選ばれる。 Basically, Shogun's concubines were selected from the churo (a lady-in-waiting) for the Shogun.
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皇后や皇太子は「青糸毛」、更衣(女官)・典侍・内侍司などの上臈・小上臈・中臈の女房たちは「紫糸毛」に乗ったという。 It is said that empresses and crown princes used 'ao-itoge' (carts with blue or green threads), and joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court), kojoro (certain daughters or granddaughters of daijin (the Ministers of State), nagon (the Counselors), and sangi (the Consultants) and other kugyo (senior nobles)), and churo (the middle rank woman servant in the Imperial Court) of nyobo, such as ladies-in-waiting, assistant handmaids, ladies of the handmaid's office, and so on used 'murasaki-itoge' (carts with purple threads).
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江戸時代においては上臈とされる大典侍よりも対外的権力は上であった。 Koto no naishi had more power than daitenji, who was a high rank woman servent in the Imperial Court, externally during the Edo period.
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夜伽の後、懐妊となれば、その女中は「側室」とみなされるが、格式は御中臈のままであった。 When the servant became pregnant after sleeping with shogun, she came to be considered a 'concubine,' but her rank status remained Ochuro.
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上臈御年寄(じょうろうおとしより)は江戸時代の大奥女中の役職名。 Joro otoshiyori is the title of women serving in the O-oku during the Edo Period.
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牛頭天王社とも称し、江戸時代まで寺僧の第一臈が神職を務めた。 It was also referred to as Gozu-Tenno-sha Shrine and the daiichiro (the first rank) of the temple priest had served as a Shinto priest until the Edo period.
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明治3年(1870年)、皇太后宮小上臈として出仕した。 In 1870, Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA started her service at the Imperial court as a Kojoro (certain daughters or granddaughters of daijin [the Ministers of State], nagon [the Counselors], and sangi [the Consultants] and other kugyo [senior nobles]) for the Empress Dowager.
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寛政10年(1798年)より近衛家に仕えて、中臈を経て老女となり、村岡局を名乗った。 She served the Konoe family from 1798, became a senior lady-in-waiting after assuming a middle grade lady-in-waiting and called herself Muraoka no Tsubone.
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淀殿のちに豊臣秀頼の侍女で大上臈。 She was a maidservant to Yodo-dono (Lady Yodo), and later to Hideyori TOYOTOMI, and ranked as a dai-joro (the upper grade ladies-in-waiting for Sento [the Palace for a Retired Emperor] and Sekkan-ke [the families which produced regents]).
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中将、弁宰相阿古大上臈、和期の方または和期の局(ともに「わご」と読む)とも。 She was also called 'Chujo,' 'Bensaisyo Ako Dai-joro,' 'Wago no Kata,' or 'Wago no Tsubone.'
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姉小路(あねこうじ/あねがこうじ/あねのこうじ)とは、御年寄上臈御年寄との違いの名。 Anekoji was another name for so-called Otoshiyori or Joro-otoshiyori.
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大奥では上臈御年寄にこの名が使われることが多かった。 In O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside), this name was often used for Joro-otoshiyori.
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家慶の死去後に落飾、勝光院と号して上臈御年寄を引退。 After Ieyoshi died, she got her head shaved, took up the title Shokoin and retired from being a Joro-otoshiyori.
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弟に五辻高仲、妹に庭田嗣子(仁孝天皇典侍、後に大奥・上臈上座)。 His younger brother was Takanaka ITSUTSUJI; his younger sister Tsuguko NIWATA served as Naishi no suke (handmaid) for Emperor Ninko and later as Joro-kamiza (high rank female housekeeper in the inner Edo-jo Castle).
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当初は島津継豊後室の浄岸院付の上臈だったといわれている(『島津重豪』ISBN4642051376)。 According to a book "Shimazu Shigehide," she initially served Joganin (a concubine of Tsugutoyo SHIMAZU) as Joro (high rank female housekeeper).
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お千万の方)、玉沢(大奥上臈御年寄)、娘(石野基綱室)らがいる。 (also known as Osenman no kata), Tamasawa (chief Joro [high rank woman servant] in O-oku [the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside]), and the wife of Mototsuna IWANO were his daughters.
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近年猥りに勅許の事、且つは臈次を乱し、且つは官寺を汚し、甚だ然るべからず。 In recent times, imperial sanctions have been issued without reason, disrupting roji and defiling state-sponsored temples, and this is very unsuitable.
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向後に於ては、其の器用を撰び、戒臈相積み智者の聞へ有らば、入院の儀申し沙汰有るべき事。 From now on, monks should be selected for their virtue and have enough experience and knowledge before asking for the Nyuin ceremony.
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中世には、傀儡女(くぐつめ)や白拍子(しらびょうし)、傾城(けいせい)、上臈(じょうろう)などと呼ばれていた。 During the medieval period, they were called kugutsume, shirabyoshi, keisei, or joro.
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