These days, some people assert that women were forced to do the labor of hand-sewing in wartime, but women had generally made and mended clothing in each household for herself and her families as part of their household chores before WWII.
現在、戦争時に女性達が裁縫という労働を無理矢理させられて被害を受けたと主張する者がいるが、第二次世界大戦が始まる前から、家庭の女性が自身と家族の衣服を作ったり裁縫で修復することは日常的に広く行なわれていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
To prevent the forced stop of the opening and closing operation of a door caused by overheating to ensure the continuation of the opening and closing operation of the door by measuring or estimating temperatures of both motor and motor driving circuit without using any thermal protector for the motor and motor driving circuit in an automatic door controller to reduce cost or wiring labor. 本発明は,自動ドア開閉制御装置においてモータやモータ駆動回路にサーマルプロテクタを使わずに両者の温度を測定,または推定して,コストや配線の手間を低減することと,過熱によるドア開閉動作の強制停止を未然に回避して開閉動作の続行を確保することを課題とする。 - 特許庁
To be stated later, even if migrant workers who have hailed from farm villages acquire labor skills in urban areas, the workers, if they have not been able to get family registers in the migrated areas, are forced to leave there and return to their home villages, a situation which may have led to the shortage of skilled workers in urban areas where manufacturing industries have been growing. また、後述のように、戸籍制度の下で農村部出身の労働者が技術を取得しても、都市戸籍が取得できない場合には帰村を余儀なくされてしまうことから、都市部の製造業が成長している中で、一部熟練工の不足につながっている可能性もある。 - 経済産業省
SOEs had been positioned by the government as methods by which to achieve the goals of (i) promoting regional economies; and (ii) securing employment. As such, they were forced to invest in unprofitable areas andmaintain, without a social security system in place, a massive labor force regardless of whether it wasneeded for production6. 政府により、①地方経済の拡大、②雇用の確保という2つの目標達成の手段と位置づけられていた国有企業は、不採算部門への投資を余儀なくされると同時に、社会保障制度が整備されない中で、生産上の必要と関係なく大量の労働力を抱えざるを得なかった6)。 - 経済産業省
To provide a method and apparatus for forced heat sterilization for doing heat sterilization process for a short time at a temperature suitable for the kind of food, decreasing energy consumption and labor cost each required for the process, improving the preservability of the food at low salinity without adding a preservative and capable of making a device to be used for the process small and inexpensive. 食品の種類に適した温度で短時間の加熱殺菌処理を行い、処理に要するエネルギー消費量と人件費を減らし、低塩分濃度で保存料を添加せずに食品の保存性を向上させ、処理に使う装置を小さく低廉にできる強制加熱殺菌方法及び強制加熱殺菌装置を提供すること。 - 特許庁
This situation was caused by intricately intertwined reasons, i.e., the fact that shinabe, which was the remnant of the bemin system, itself was incompatible with the ritsuryo system, that it became difficult to preserve shinabe as the ritsuryo system was weakened, and that improved social economy standard enabled procurement from and koeki (forced labor under the ritsuryo system) by ordinary citizens (procurement from ordinary citizens here includes procurement from commercial and industrial men in former shinabe).
これは古い部民制の残滓である品部そのものが律令制と相容れなかったこと、律令制の衰退によって品部の維持が困難になってきたこと、社会経済水準の向上によって民間からの調達・雇役が可能になったこと(この場合の民間には旧品部の商工業者からの調達を含む)が複雑に絡み合っていたと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
For example, the EC-Chile Association Agreement (in force since 2003) recognizes the importance of social development along with economic development, and gives priority to the creation of employment and respect for fundamental social rights, notably by promoting the relevant conventions of the ILO covering such topics as the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and nondiscrimination, the abolition of forced and child labor, and equal treatment between men and women(Article 44, Item 1). 例えば、EU チリ協定 (2003年発効)では、経済発展と連携した社会的 発展の重要性を認め、雇用の創出と基本的社会権 の尊重に優先順位を与えることとし、特に団結の 自由、団体交渉権、差別の撤廃、強制労働・児童労 働の撤廃、男女平等等を担保するILOの関連規約 を促進するとしている(第44条第1項)。 - 経済産業省
(i) Circumvention of Technical Protections Under the Copyright Law, the public assignment of devices, including programs for public transmissions, or programs whose primary function is to circumvent technical protections, including programs or which enable transmissions, is prohibited, and criminal penalties may be imposed on persons engaging in such acts (up to three years' imprisonment with forcedlabor or fines of up to three million yen) (Article 120-2 of the Copyright Law).
ⅰ)技術的保護手段の回避行為性著作権法においては、技術的保護手段の回避を行うことを専らその機能とする装置若しくはプログラムを公衆に譲渡(プログラムについては公衆送信若しくは送信可能化も含む。)することを禁止しており、これらを行った者については刑事罰(3年以下の懲役又は300万円以下の罰金)が課されることがある(同法第120条の2)。 - 経済産業省