1. 啓発が直接的で直観的な洞察を通じて達せられる仏教の思想(a Buddhist doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight)
2. 信仰よりもむしろ瞑想と直観力を通して悟りを開くことができると主張する大乗仏教の一派(school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith)