1. 彼らの処罰の一部(または全て)として犯罪者によって実行される市民のために無報酬の業務(an unpaid service for the benefit of the public that is performed by lawbreakers as part (or all) of their sentence)
2. 公共またはその機関のために行われる行為(a service that is performed for the benefit of the public or its institutions)