tempusとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

• From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the root *temp- (“to stretch, string”), whence also templum (“shrine”) and tempora. Originally the word meant "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
• Or from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”). Thus a section (of time). See also Latin temnō, tondeō, templum, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). Compare the etymology of English time.
• Note that (as seen from the adverb temperī) the noun would originally have declined like genus.

名詞

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. time, period, age
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

   • c. 29 bc, Publius Vergilius Maro, Georgicon, III.284

     sed fvgit interea fvgit inreparabile tempvs

     But it flees, meanwhile, it flees... irretrievable time.

   • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4:

     per idem tempus annorum novem, ab undevicensimo anno aetatis meae usque ad duodetricensimum, seducebamur et seducebamus

     During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

   ad/in tempus ― temporarily; for a time

   tempus diurnum ― daytime

2. season (quarter of the year)
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220:

     Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?

     Why do the seasons of the year bring maladies?

3. kairos, right time, due season, due time, proper time, appointed time, opportune time, opportunity

   in tempore ― at the appropriate time; in due season

   ad tempus venīre ― to come at the right time

   ante tempus ― too soon (lit., before the right time)

4. circumstances (collectively)

   pro tempore ― according to the circumstances

5. (grammar) tense

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

From tempus above. See 古期英語 þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).

Less frequent in singular form, the notion comes after the Ancient Greek τὰ καίρια (tà kaíria, “the right place, vital place, fatal spot, opportunity”).

名詞

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (anatomy) temple (of the head)
2. (figurative) face, visage, head

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生した語

語源 3

From tempus (“time”) above.

名詞

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (Medieval Latin, まれに) weather

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生した語

参照

• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tempus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• tempus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
    
  • time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
    
  • to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
    
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
    
  • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
    
  • to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
    
  • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, または ad opus)
    
  • to spend time: tempus ducere
    
  • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
    
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
    
  • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    
  • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
    
  • circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
    
  • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
    
  • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    
  • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
    
  • in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
    
  • the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • in process of time: tempore progrediente
    
  • at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    
  • at this moment: hoc tempore
    
  • in an instant: puncto temporis
    
  • at the important moment: momento temporis
    
  • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
    
  • on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
    
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
    
  • for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
    
  • after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
    
  • at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
    
  • the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
    
  • the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
    
  • in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    
  • the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
    
  • morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
    
  • the morning hours: tempora matutina
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
    
  • under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
    
  • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    
  • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    
  • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    
  • to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
    
  • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    
  • to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
    
  • the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
    
  • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
    
  • chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
    
  • to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
    
  • to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
    
  • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
    
  • to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
    
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere