英和和英

From caldus (“warm”) +‎ -men (abstract nominal suffix).

caldūmen n (genitive caldūminis); third declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: caldume
- Old Venetan: caldume
- Sicilian: caudumi, cuadumi, cuarumi, quarumi
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: caldôm
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: chaudun, caldun, caudun (Northern) (see there for further descendants)
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- ⇒ Catalan: escaldum (< *excaldūmen)
  - → Spanish: escaldón (Canarian)
Borrowings:
- → Albanian: gardump
  - → Greek: γαρδούμπα (gardoúmpa)
- →? Byzantine Greek: γαρδούμιον (gardoúmion)
  - Greek: γαρδούμι (gardoúmi), γαρδούμια (gardoúmia)
  - →? Mishnaic Hebrew: גִּדּוּמֵי (possibly for גִּרדּוּמֵי)

^ "caldumen", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “*caldūmen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 78
^ Katsikadeli, Christina (September 2018), “Language contact and contact induced change in the light of the (digital) lexicography of Greek loanwords in the Non-Indo-European languages of the Greco-Roman worlds (Coptic, Hebrew/Aramaic, Syriac)”, in Georgios K. Giannakis, Christoforos Charalambakis, Franco Montanari and Antonios Rengakos, editors, Studies in Greek Lexicography (Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes; 72), De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, page 31

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