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From radix (“root”) +‎ -and.

radicand (plural radicands)

(mathematics) The number or expression whose square root or other root is being considered.

3 is the radicand in the expression ${\sqrt[{n}]{3}}$ .

Other terms used in arithmetic operations:

successor
addition, summation:

(augend) + (addend) = (total)

(summand) + (summand) + (summand)... = (sum)
subtraction:

(minuend) − (subtrahend) = (difference)
multiplication, factorization:

(multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (product)

(factor) × (factor) × (factor)... = (product)
division:

(dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient)

(numerator) / (denominator) = (quotient)

Or sometimes = (quotient) with (remainder) remaining
exponentiation:

(base) = (power)
root extraction:

√ (radicand) = (root)
logarithmization:

log_(base) (antilogarithm) = (logarithm)

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