Grötzsch graphの英語

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Grötzsch graph is a triangle-free graph with 11 vertices, 20 edges, and chromatic number 4. It is named after German mathematician Herbert Grötzsch, and its existence demonstrates that the assumption of planarity is necessary in Grötzsch's theorem (Grötzsch 1959) that every triangle-free planar graph is 3-colorable. The Grötzsch graph is a member of an infinite sequence of triangle-free graphs, each the Mycielskian of the previous graph in the sequence, starting from the null graph; this sequence of graphs was used by to show that there exist triangle-free graphs with arbitrarily large chromatic number. Therefore, the Grötzsch graph is sometimes also called the Mycielski graph or the Mycielski–Grötzsch graph. Unlike later graphs in this sequence, the Grötzsch graph is the smallest triangle-free graph with its chromatic number ().