出典:Wikipedia
出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/07/25 08:33 UTC 版)
The Josephson effect is the phenomenon of supercurrent (i.e. a current that flows indefinitely long without any voltage applied) across two weakly coupled superconductors, separated by a very thin insulating barrier. This arrangement—two superconductors linked by a non-conducting barrier—is known as a Josephson junction (JJ). The term is named after British physicist Brian David Josephson, who predicted the possibility of a supercurrent flow through an insulating barrier. Before his prediction it was only known that normal (i.e. non-superconducting) electrons can flow through the barrier, by means of the quantum tunneling. Josephson predicted a superconducting device (JJ) in which BCS pairs can tunnel, in addition to single electrons. The device has important applications in quantum-mechanical circuits, such as SQUIDs or RSFQ digital electronics.