英和和英

語源

From Ottoman Turkish سفربرلك‎ (seferberlik, “mobilization”).

固有名詞

the Seferberlik

1. The mobilization effected by the late Ottoman Empire during the Second Balkan War of 1913 and World War I from 1914 to 1918.
   • 2002, Yücel Yanikdağ, “Marginal men: Ottoman prisoners of war in the Great War”, in The Turkish Studies Association Journal, volume 26, number 2, JSTOR 43383656, pages 39-46:

     Nearly 250,000 Ottomans of various military ranks were taken captive by the Allied forces during World War I, which was referred to in Turkish variously as Büyük Harp, Cihan Harbi and Harb-i Umumi (または simply Seferberlik among the older generation of Turks) until World War II.

   • 2014 November, Najwa al-Qattan, “When mothers ate their children”, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, volume 46, number 4, JSTOR 43303223, pages 719-736:

     The war itself has several names, including "the famine war" (ḥarb al-majā'a) and seferberlik, a Turkish word, meaning "travel by land," that began its wartime career as a reference to "military conscription" but quickly became a catchword for all the calamities and suffering experienced by civilians.

   • 2014 November, Melanie Schulze Tanielian, “Feeding the city: The Beirut Municipality and the politics of food during World War I”, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, volume 46, number 4, JSTOR 43303224, pages 737-758:

     She not only outlines the devastating effects of seferberlik but also highlights the changing meaning of this term - as it acquired a civilian dimension in its Arabic rendition (safar barlik) - and its potency as a metonym for the war as a whole.

   • 2015 October 23, The Great War: From Memory to History‎^[1], →ISBN:

     Over the course of Seferberlik, the immense hardships and Istanbul's heavy-handed administration could very well have disillusioned Arabs who had been loyal to the ideals of Ottomanism.

   • 2016 November, Eugene Rogan, “The First World War and its Legacy in the Middle East”, in Amal Ghazal; Jens Hanssen, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History, DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672530.013.10:

     Indeed, for much of the Arab world, the Turkish term Seferberlik, which originally referred to conscription, has come to represent the panoply of civilian suffering in the Great War. ¶ Seferberlik: Civilian Suffering in the Ottoman Great War