Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
custos
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/06 21:15 UTC 版)
発音
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkʌ.stɒs/
- (General American) IPA: /ˈkʌˌstɑs/, /-ˌstoʊs/
名詞
- (obsolete) A warden.
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c. 1530, John Rastell, The Pastyme of People: The Cronycles of Dyuers Realmys, London:
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[…] they were commytted to prison & put out of theyr offyces & the Constable of the Towre made custos of the citye.
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1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 5, p. 148:
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Mr. Tharp, the Custos of the parish, and several other gentlement, accompanied the corps.
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- (Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.
- (music, historical) In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line.
派生語
- custos regni
- custos rotulorum
アナグラム
- costus, SCOTUS, Scotus, scouts, Scouts
ラテン語
語源
Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki (1978), derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and De Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkʊs.toːs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkus.tos]
名詞
custōs m or f (genitive custōdis); third declension
- a guard, protector, watchman
- Synonyms: praesidium, appāritor
- a guardian, tutor
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Pius V, Missale Romanum (1962):
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Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.
- Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen
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Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.
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- a jailer
- a keeper, custodian
- Synonyms: dēfēnsor, vindex, praeses, appāritor
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
派生した語
- Late Latin: custor (see there for further descendants)
- → English: custos
- → Finnish: kustos
- → German: Kustos
- → Italian: custode
- → Old French: custode
- → Serbo-Croatian: kustos
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “custōs, -ōdis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
- ^ “custody”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- ^ Stuart-Smith, Jane (2004) Phonetics and Phonology: Sound Change in Italic (Oxford University Press), page 43; citing Leumann 1977: 168, Meiser 1998: 124
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aestās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
- ^ Stuart-Smith, Jane (2004) Phonetics and Phonology: Sound Change in Italic (Oxford University Press), page 27; citing Szemerényi, O. J. (1952/3 [1987]), 'The development of the Indo-European Mediae Aspiratae in Latin and Italic', Archivum Linguisticum, 4: 27-53; 99-116 and 5: 1-21＝Scripta Minora, vol. 2. 628-93.
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander. (2004). "Avestan siiazd-, Sanskrit sedh-, Latin cedere." Per aspera ad asteriscos: Studia Indogermanica in honorem Jens Elmegard Rasmussen sexagenarii Idibus Martiis anno MMIV, 322 - 332 (2004).
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 95
Further reading
- “custos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “custos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "custos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “custos”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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