英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Persian هرمز (hurmuz / hormoz), from a stage between Classical Persian هُرْمُز (hurmuz) and Modern Iranian Persian هُرْمُز (hormoz), historically mediated through Portuguese Ormuz. Doublet of Ahura Mazda and Aramazd.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /hɔːˈmuːz/, /ˈhɔːmʌz/
• (General American) IPA: /hɔɹˈmuːz/, /ˈhɔɹməz/

固有名詞

Hormuz

1. The strait that connects the Persian Gulf, with the Gulf of Oman, Indian Ocean.

   Synonyms: Hormuz Strait, Strait of Hormuz, Straits of Hormuz

2. An island of Iran, in the strait of the same name, five miles off the Iranian coast.

   Synonyms: Hormuz Island, Island of Hormuz

3. A district of Qeshm, Hormozgan Province, Iran; on the island of the same name.

   Synonyms: Hormuz District, District of Hormuz

4. A city in Iran; capital of the district of the same name.
5. Synonym of Hormozabad.
6. Alternative spelling of Hormud.
7. Alternative spelling of Ormus (“former Persian kingdom”).

使用する際の注意点

• Classical attestations of the region, such as the Ancient Greek Ἁρμοῦζα (Harmoûza) or Latin Armuza, are ancient linguistic fossils rather than direct ancestors of the modern European spellings. The ‘a’ vowel in these classical forms reflects the ancient Old Iranian root of the name (from Old Persian 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 (Auramazdā, “Ahura Mazda”)) before the first vowel rounded and raised in Middle and New Persian. Furthermore, while Latin often dropped the aspirate, the original Greek retained it (indicated by the rough breathing mark).
• Variant spellings such as Hormizd or Ohrmazd are direct classical borrowings from Syriac, Greek, or Middle Persian texts, referring to the Sasanian kings or the Zoroastrian deity, and are not organic transliterations of the modern geographic name.
• Forms like Hormuzdadschir, sometimes cited from 7th‐century Syriac manuscripts (e.g. the letters of Ishoyahb III), are modern transliteration anachronisms. The original Syriac abjad used the ambiguous letter waw for the vowel space. The mixed vowels in these citations—along with elements like the German‐style dsch—reflect the spelling habits of 19th‐century European translators retrofitting the text with the familiar hybrid Hormuz, rather than reflecting 7th‐century phonology.
• The modern English pronunciations of the name descend from two distinct linguistic lineages:
  • The Oral Lineage (Initial Stress): Pronunciations such as /ˈhɔːmʌz/ and /ˈhɔɹməz/ represent the unbroken oral descendant of the early 17th‐century English adaptation. Early Modern English speakers approximated the stressed Persian ḍamma of /hurˈmuz/ with their native short ⟨u⟩, yielding /hɔrˈmʊz/. Following the mid‐17th‐century foot–strut split, this naturally lowered to /hɔrˈmʌz/. Over time, the word submitted to the regular trochaic stress shift typical of English two‐syllable nouns, retracting the primary stress to the first syllable and naturally reducing the unstressed second vowel.
  • The Textual Lineage (Ultimate Stress): Pronunciations such as /hɔːˈmuːz/ and /hɔɹˈmuːz/ are post‐Great Vowel Shift learned reborrowings. As the native English reflex /ʌ/ had become too low and unrounded to approximate a foreign [u], and the retained /ʊ/ was phonotactically restricted from carrying stress before a final /z/, readers of Orientalist texts relied on orthographic conventions. The tense vowel /uː/ was deployed as a spelling pronunciation triggered by the foreign ⟨‐uz⟩ suffix to artificially carry the exotic ultimate stress, regardless of the Persian source vowel’s original length.

同意語

派生語

関連する語

参照

• Marco Polo (1818), William Marsden, transl., The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the Thirteenth Century‎, Note 208, page 96
• Henry Yule; Arthur Coke Burnell (1903), “ORMUS, ORMUZ”, in Hobson‐Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo‐Indian Words and Phrases‎

Further reading

• Hormuz Island on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Strait of Hormuz on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Hormuz District on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Hormuz, Iran on Wikipedia.Wikipedia