osculumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

osculum (複数形 oscula)

1. (chiefly zoology) A small opening or orifice. [from 18th c.]
2. (zoology, obsolete) One of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm.
3. (zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.
   • 1857, J. S. Bowerbank, “On the Vital Powers of the Spongiadæ”, in Report of the 26th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, John Murray, page 444:

     I left them in that condition, and at 7 o'clock examined them again, when I found them still quiescent; but one of the two large groups of oscula and the new one were entirely closed, while the other osculum at the largest end of the sponge had opened to the extent of about one-third of its diameter, and the membrane presented the appearance of a series of lines or corrugations radiating from the centre to the circumference.

   • 2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, 2013 edition, Granta Books, page 29:

     Waste water was expelled through a single osculum at about 8.5 cm per second – more than eight thousand times as fast as it circulated in the chambers and 85 times as fast as it entered the sponge in the first place.

   • 2012, Sally P. Lees, April Hill, The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues, Mikel A. Becerro, Maria J. Uriz, Manuel Maldonado, Xavier Turon (editors), Michael Lesser (series editor), Advances in Marine Biology 62: Advances in Sponge Science, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 30,

     Oscula are also thought to arise initially from a single porocyte (Weissenfels, 1980), but how they coordinate with other porocytes to form a larger osculum is still unclear.

派生語

• osculum infame

アナグラム

• lucumos, musculo-

Latin

別の表記

• ausculum (hypercorrect)

語源

From ōs (“mouth”) +‎ -culum (diminutive suffix).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈoːs.ku.lum/, [ˈoːs̠kʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈos.ku.lum/, [ˈɔskulum]

名詞

ōsculum n (genitive ōsculī); second declension

1. a kiss
   • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.509:

     occupat amplexū lacrimāsque per ōscula siccat

     He holds her in loving embraces, and her tears he dries through kisses.
     (Ariadne かつ her husband Dionysus reconcile following his infidelity to her.)

2. a little mouth

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

同意語

• (kiss): bāsium n, suāvium n

派生した語

• → English: osculum
• → French: oscule
• → Italian: osculo
• Romanian: uști
• → Portuguese: ósculo
• → Spanish: ósculo

参考

• ōs

参照

• “osculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “osculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• osculum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• osculum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette