spongeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: spŭnj, IPA: /spʌnd͡ʒ/
• 韻: -ʌndʒ

名詞

sponge (countable and uncountable, plural sponges)

1. (countable) Any of various marine invertebrates of the phylum Porifera, that have a porous skeleton often of silica.

   Synonyms: sea sponge, bath sponge, poriferan, porifer

2. (countable) A piece of porous material used for washing (originally made from the invertebrates, now often made of plastic).

   Synonym: bath sponge

   • 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎:

     She removed Stranleigh’s coat with a dexterity that aroused his imagination. The elder woman returned with dressings and a sponge, which she placed on a chair.

3. (uncountable) The porous material that synthetic washing sponges are made of.
4. (informal) A heavy drinker.

   Synonyms: souse, swill-pot; see also Thesaurus:drunkard

5. (countable, uncountable) A type of light cake.

   Synonym: sponge cake

   • 2021 June 10, Marianna Giusti, “Kean Etro: ‘We basically turned paper into trees’”, in Financial Times‎, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 June 2021:

     After six hours of work I got this amazing sponge with fresh strawberries, crème fraîche, crème chantilly, custard, crumble and meringues, something quite rich and outstanding.

6. (countable, uncountable, UK) A type of steamed pudding.

   Synonym: sponge pudding

7. (slang) A person who takes advantage of the generosity of others (abstractly imagined to absorb or soak up the money or efforts of others like a sponge).

   Synonyms: freeloader, sponger; see also Thesaurus:scrounger

8. A person who readily absorbs ideas.
   • 2014, Phoeve Hutchison, Are You Listening? Life Is Talking to You!, page 145:

     For this reason, we need to think of our children as sponges of information and watch their sources carefully. We also need to always model appropriate behaviour, as we are a constant source of new information.

9. (countable) A form of contraception that is inserted vaginally; a contraceptive sponge.
10. Any sponge-like substance.
    1. (baking) Dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by the agency of the yeast or leaven.
    2. Iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition.
    3. Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.
11. A mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.
    • 1923, Charles Boardman Hawes, The Dark Frigate, Chapter 6:

      The great guns ranged along the deck — each bound fast by its new breechings — with their linstocks and sponges and ladles and rammers, made no idle show of warlike strength.

12. The extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, corresponding to the heel.
13. (slang) A nuclear power plant worker routinely exposed to radiation.

派生語

派生した語

• → Cornish: spong
• → Hindi: स्पंज (spañj)
• → Japanese: スポンジ (suponji)
• → Korean: 스펀지 (seupeonji)
• → Pashto: سپنج (spanj)
• → Welsh: sbynj
• → Malay: span

参考

• foam

動詞

sponge (third-person singular simple present sponges, present participle sponging, simple past and past participle sponged)

1. (intransitive, slang) To take advantage of the kindness of others.
   • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:

     The fly is an intruder, and a common smell-feast, that spunges upon other Peoples Trenchers.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 32, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     You can’t go on spunging upon the women.

   He has been sponging off his friends for a month now.

2. (transitive, intransitive with on or upon) To get by imposition; to scrounge.

   Synonym: blag

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     “ […] They talk of you as if you were Croesus—and I expect the beggars sponge on you unconscionably.” And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes.

   • July 17 1735, Jonathan Swift, letter to Lord Ornery

     I am an utter stranger to the persons and places, except when half a score come to sponge on me every Sunday evening

   to sponge a breakfast

3. (transitive) To deprive (somebody) of something by imposition.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

     How came such multitudes of our nation […] to be sponged of their plate and their money?

4. To clean, soak up, or dab with a sponge.
   • 1876, Eliza Bisbee Duffey, Our Behaviour: A Manual of Etiquette and Dress of the Best American Society, Philadelphia:

     Before stepping into the bath the head should be wet with cold water, and in the bath the pit of the stomach should first be sponged.

5. To suck in, or imbibe, like a sponge.
6. To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of.
   • [1594], Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Iohn Windet, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     Lett the eyes which have looked on Idols, sponge out their unlawfull acts

7. (intransitive, baking) To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by the agency of yeast or leaven.
8. (marine biology, of dolphins) To use a piece of wild sponge as a tool when foraging for food.
   • 2013, Pamela S. Turner, The Dolphins of Shark Bay, page 22:

     Why do dolphins sponge instead of foraging in a more "normal" way?

   • 2015, Hal Whitehead, Luke Rendell, The Cultural Lives of Whales and, page 109:

     Sponging is worth thinking about in some detail because it illustrates many of the challenges and sources of controversy in studying social learning and culture in wild cetaceans.

   • 2017, Janet Mann, Deep Thinkers: Inside the Minds of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, page 153:

     Moreover, the females that do it seem to "sponge" relentlessly throughout the day, hunting more than other females and more than male spongers too.

派生語

Further reading

• Sponge (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• pengos, pengős