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a lightの |
a lightの学習レベル | レベル:11英検:1級以上の単語 |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「a light」の意味 |
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alight1
音節a・light 発音記号・読み方/əlάɪt/発音を聞く
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Wiktionary英語版での「a light」の意味 |
alight
語源 1
From Middle English alighten (“to descend from a place: to dismount, get off; to descend to a place: to arrive or stop (at a place); to land; to drop; to attack; of lightning: to strike; to leap on to, mount; to descend in rank; to cause (someone) to lose rank; to come forth, spring from; to alleviate, relieve; (Christianity) of Jesus: to come down to earth from heaven, become incarnate; to descend (to hell); of the Holy Spirit, angels, miracles, etc.: to descend (from heaven); to descend (upon someone); to appear in a place”) [and other forms],[1] from a merger of:[2]
- 古期英語 ālīhtan (“to alight, dismount”), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away, from, off, out’) + līhtan, līehtan (“to descend, alight, light; to make easy または light, alleviate, lighten, relieve”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light”); and
- 古期英語 ġelīhtan (“to descend; to come down, dismount; to make easy または light, alleviate, lighten, relieve”), from ġe- (intensifying prefix, attached to verbs to indicate completeness または perfection) + līhtan, līehtan (see above).
The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘away, from, off, out’) + light (“to ease, lighten; to take off; to unload; to dismount; (古風な用法) to come down, land; to dismount”).
- Middle Low German erlichten (“to lighten”)
- Old High German gilīhten (“to make less heavy, lighten”) (Middle High German gelīhten); Old High German irlīhten (“to alleviate”) (Middle High German erlīhten, modern German erleichten)
動詞
alight (三人称単数 現在形 alights, 現在分詞 alighting, 過去形および過去分詞形 alighted または alit)
- (transitive, also figuratively, obsolete) To make less heavy; to lighten; to alleviate, to relieve.
- (intransitive)
- Often followed by from or off: to get off an animal which one has been riding; to dismount; to descend or exit from a vehicle; hence, to complete one's journey; to stop.
- Synonyms: (古風な用法) alighten, (古風な用法) light, disembark, debark, get off, get out, unlight
- Passengers are alighting from the carriage.
- c. 1596–1598, W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, OCLC 24594216, [Act II, scene ix]:
- 1609, Thomas Dekker, “Lanthorne and Candle-light. Or, The Bell-man’s Second Nights-walke. […] The Second Edition, […]: Rancke-riders, the Manner of Cozening Inn-keepers, Post-maisters and Hackny-men”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Non-dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker. […] (The Huth Library), volume III, London; Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: […] [Hazell, Watson, & Viney] for private circulation only, published 1885, OCLC 4797086, page 251:
- 1620, [Miguel de Cervantes]; Thomas Shelton, transl., “Of the Nevvest and Strangest Aduenture, that in All the Course of This History Befell Don Quixote”, in The Second Part of the History of the Valorous and Witty Knight-errant, Don Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Edward Blount, OCLC 606504853, page 461:
- 1762, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XXIX, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume V, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], OCLC 959921544, pages 103–104:
- [M]aking as if he would have alighted from off his horſe, as he was poiſing himſelf on the mounting ſide, he moſt nimbly (with his ſhort ſword by his thigh) ſhifting his feet in the ſtirrup and performing the ſtirrup-leather feat, whereby, after the inclining of this body downwards, he forthwith launched himſelf aloft into the air, and placed both his feet together upon the ſaddle, ſtanding upright, with his back turned towards his horſe's head,— […]
- 1777, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 7th edition, London: […] S. Crowder, […]; J. Sewell, […]; W. Johnston, […]; and B. Law, […], OCLC 1103155247, page 177:
- What courſe to take, whether to proceed or retreat, we could not tell; but it was not long before the wolves themſelves made us come to a reſolution: […] [D]eſiring them to alight, we ſtood in a triangle, or three fronts, encloſing our horſes in the centre, the only place where we could preſerve them.
- 1887, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Alaeddin; or, The Wonderful Lamp”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], volume III, Shammar edition, [London]: […] Burton Club […], OCLC 939632161, page 157:
- Now when he had reached the King's capital wherein was Alaeddin, he alighted at one of the Kháns; and, when he had rested from the weariness of wayfare, he donned his dress and went down to wander about the streets, where he never passed a group without hearing them prate about the pavilion and its grandeur and vaunt the beauty of Alaeddin and his lovesomeness, his liberality and generosity, his fine manners and his good morals.
- 1939 June, “Pertinent Paragraphs: A Surprise at Didcot”, in The Railway Magazine, Westminster, London: IPC Transport Press, ISSN 0033-8923, OCLC 1065264231, page 452:
- Dashing back to my compartment, I grabbed my impedimenta—what my companion thought of the maniac who alighted at a station only half-way to the first booked stop I don't know!—got out, hurried under the subway, and was into my 10.45 comfortably before its departure.
- 2021 November 3, Paul Stephen, “As Far North as You Can Go … to Thurso”, in Rail, number 943, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, ISSN 0953-4563, OCLC 999467860, page 49:
- That, combined with the fact that I alight with only four or five other passengers, is a sad reminder of how most people continue to choose to travel to this far-flung corner of the UK.
- (also figuratively) Often followed by at, on, or upon: of something aloft: to descend and settle; to land, to lodge, to rest.
- A flying bird alights upon a tree.
- 1819, Lord Byron, Mazeppa, a Poem, London: John Murray, […], OCLC 896751762, stanza XVIII, lines 770–777, pages 41–42:
- I saw the expecting raven fly, / Who scarce would wait till both should die, / Ere his repast begun; / He flew, and perch'd, then flew once more, / And each time nearer than before; / I saw his wing through twilight flit, / And once so near me he alit / I could have smote, but lack'd the strength; […]
- 2012, Andrew Martin, “The World of Charles Pearson”, in Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, paperback edition, London: Profile Books, published 2013, →ISBN, page 25:
- In 1851 the Great Northern Railway had reached London and began operating into a terminus at Maiden Lane, just north of the New Road [later renamed Euston Road]. In 1854 they moved up to the New Road itself, with the opening of King's Cross station, east of Euston. The railways were alighting on the New Road like birds perching on a branch (the Midland Railway would open St Pancras, between Euston かつ King's Cross in 1868), and [Charles] Pearson took note.
- (archaic)
- (figuratively) Often followed by on or upon: to find by accident; to chance upon, to come upon.
- (obsolete) To arrive.
- Often followed by from or off: to get off an animal which one has been riding; to dismount; to descend or exit from a vehicle; hence, to complete one's journey; to stop.
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) alight | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | alight | alighted | |
2nd-person singular | alight, alightest* | alighted, alightedst* | |
3rd-person singular | alights, alighteth* | alighted | |
plural | alight | ||
subjunctive | alight | ||
imperative | alight | — | |
participles | alighting | alighted |
派生語
関連する語
語源 2
The verb is probably derived partly:[3]
- from Middle English alighten (“to kindle, light, set on fire; to begin burning; to become bright, shine; to arouse, rouse, stir; (比喩的に) to enlighten spiritually, illuminate”) [and other forms],[4] from 古期英語 ālīhtan, ālȳhtan (“to light up; enlighten”) (perhaps modelled after Latin illūmināre, the present active infinitive of illūminō (“to brighten, illuminate, light up”)), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away, from, off, out’) + līhtan, līehtan (“to glow, to shine; to illuminate, to light”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to see; to shine; bright”)); and
- from Middle English onlighten (“to cause (something) to shine; to clarify; (比喩的に) to enlighten spiritually”) [and other forms],[5] from 古期英語 onlīhtan, a variant of inlīhtan (“to give light to, brighten, illuminate; to cause to shine; to shine; (比喩的に) to give clear sight; to clear a mental fog, enlighten”), from Proto-Germanic *inliuhtijaną (“to enlighten, illumine”), from *in (“in; into”) + *liuhtijaną (“to give light, shine”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-; see above); and
- from later uses of alight (adjective).
The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘away, from, off, out’) + light (“to start (a fire); to burn, set fire to; to become ignited, take fire; to provide light, illuminate; to show the way by means of a light”).
The adjective and adverb are derived from Late Middle English alight (adjective) [and other forms], from 古期英語 ālīht, ālȳht,[3] a past participle form of 古期英語 ālīhtan, ālȳhtan (verb) (see above); but have also been subsequently interpreted as a- (prefix meaning ‘at; in; on’, used to show a condition, manner, または state) + light (“not dark または obscure, bright, clear; highly luminous”).[6]
- German erleuchten (“to light up, illuminate”)
動詞
alight (三人称単数 現在形 alights, 現在分詞 alighting, 過去形および過去分詞形 alit または alighted) (transitive, also figuratively, archaic)
- To cast light on (something); to illuminate, to light up.
- To set light to (something); to set (something) on fire; to ignite, to light.
- 1612, [Miguel de Cervantes]; Thomas Shelton, transl., “VVherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes vvhich Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, vvhich He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, OCLC 84747867, part 3, page 133:
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) alight | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | alight | alighted | |
2nd-person singular | alight, alightest* | alighted, alightedst* | |
3rd-person singular | alights, alighteth* | alighted | |
plural | alight | ||
subjunctive | alight | ||
imperative | alight | — | |
participles | alighting | alighted |
派生語
形容詞
alight (not comparable)
- Burning, lit, on fire.
- 1961 February, Balmore [pseudonym], “Driving and Firing Modern French Steam Locomotives – Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, ISSN 0141-9935, OCLC 35845948, page 110:
- With a heavy load of 650 tons for Arras and Lille we started very quietly, with about a third of a glass of water, and the fire barely alight. This frightened me, but I had reckoned without the 4-6-4's American mechanical stoker.
- Often followed by with: shining with light; luminous, radiant; also, brightly coloured; vivid.
- (figuratively) Aglow with activity or emotion.
- Her face was alight with happiness.
使用する際の注意点
副詞
alight (not comparable)
派生語
参照
- ^ “alighten, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “alight, v.1”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight1, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 “alight, v.2”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021.
- ^ “alighten, v.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “onlighten, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “alight, adj. and adv.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight2, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
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「a light」の部分一致の例文検索結果
該当件数 : 49993件
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