windとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• winde (廃れた用法)

発音

• enPR: wĭnd, IPA^(key): /ˈwɪnd/
• (古風な用法) enPR: wīnd, IPA^(key): /ˈwaɪnd/
• Rhymes: -ɪnd

名詞

wind (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 winds)

1. (countable, uncountable) Real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure.

   The wind blew through her hair as she stood on the deck of the ship.

   As they accelerated onto the motorway, the wind tore the plywood off the car's roof-rack.

   The winds in Chicago are fierce.

   There was a sudden gust of wind.

   • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

     Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2. Air artificially put in motion by any force or action.

   the wind of a cannon ball

   the wind of a bellows

3. (countable, uncountable) The ability to breathe easily.

   After the second lap he was already out of wind.

   The fall knocked the wind out of him.

4. (figuratively) News of an event, especially by hearsay or gossip.

   to catch wind of something

   Steve caught wind of Martha's dalliance with his best friend.

5. (figuratively) A tendency or trend.

   the wind of change

   • 2023 July 24, Jason Horowitz, “What the Collapse of Spain’s Far Right Means Going Forward”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     But many of those issues failed to draw Spanish voters, or even scared them, and the country’s election results went contrary to Europe’s political winds.

6. One of the five basic elements in Indian and Japanese models of the Classical elements.
7. (uncountable, colloquial) Flatus.

   to pass wind

   Eww. Someone just passed wind.

8. Breath modulated by the respiratory and vocal organs, or by an instrument.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Their instruments were various in their kind,
     Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind.

9. (music) The woodwind section of an orchestra. Occasionally also used to include the brass section.
10. A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass; especially, one of the cardinal points.

    the four winds

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 37:9:

      Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain.

    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

      When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

11. Types of playing-tile in the game of mah-jongg, named after the four winds.
12. A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing.
13. (figuratively) Mere breath or talk; empty effort; idle words.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

      Nor think thou with wind
      Of airy threats to awe.

    • 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:

      Political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.

14. A bird, the dotterel.
15. (boxing, slang) The region of the solar plexus, where a blow may paralyze the diaphragm and cause temporary loss of breath or other injury.

同意語

• (movement of air): breeze, draft, gale; see also Thesaurus:wind
• (flatus): gas (米国用法); see also Thesaurus:flatus

派生語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: win
• Torres Strait Creole: win

参考

動詞

wind (third-person singular simple present winds, present participle winding, simple past and past participle winded or (proscribed) wound)

1. (transitive) To blow air through a wind instrument or horn to make a sound.
   • 1796, Gottfried Augustus Bürger, “The Chase”, in [Walter Scott], transl., The Chase, and William and Helen: Two Ballads, from the German […], Edinburgh: […] Mundell and Son, […], for Manners and Miller, […]; and sold by T[homas] Cadell, Jun. and W[illiam] Davies (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, stanza I, page 1:

     Earl Walter winds his bugle horn; / To horſe, to horſe, halloo, halloo! / His fiery courſer ſnuffs the morn, / And thronging ſerfs their Lord purſue.

   • 1913, Edith Constance Holme, Crump Folk Going Home, page 136:

     Something higher must lie at the back of that eager response to pack-music and winded horn — something born of the smell of the good earth

   • 1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia:

     "If your Majesty is ever to use the Horn," said Trufflehunter, "I think the time has now come." Caspian had of course told them of this treasure several days ago.
     […]
     "Then in the name of Aslan we will wind Queen Susan's Horn," said Caspian.

2. (transitive) To cause (someone) to become breathless, as by a blow to the abdomen, or by physical exertion, running, etc.

   The boxer was winded during round two.

3. (transitive, Britain) To cause a baby to bring up wind by patting its back after being fed.
4. (transitive, Britain) To turn a boat or ship around, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side.
5. (transitive) To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate.
6. (transitive) To perceive or follow by scent.

   The hounds winded the game.

7. (transitive) To rest (a horse, etc.) in order to allow the breath to be recovered; to breathe.
8. (transitive) To turn a windmill so that its sails face into the wind.^[1]

使用する際の注意点

• The form “wound” in the past is occasionally found in reference to blowing a horn, but is often considered to be erroneous. The October 1875 issue of The Galaxy disparaged this usage as a “very ridiculous mistake” arising from a misunderstanding of the word's meaning.
• A similar solecism occurs in the use (in this sense) of the pronunciation /waɪnd/, sometimes heard in singing and oral reading of verse, e.g., The huntsman /waɪndz/ his horn.

派生した語

• ⇒ Tok Pisin: winim

語源 2

From Middle English wynden, from 古期英語 windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną. Compare West Frisian wine, Low German winden, Dutch winden, German winden, Danish vinde, Walloon windea. See also the related term wend.

発音

• enPR: wīnd, IPA^(key): /waɪnd/
• Rhymes: -aɪnd
• Homophones: wined, whined (in accents with the wine-whine merger)

動詞

wind (三人称単数 現在形 winds, 現在分詞 winding, 過去形および過去分詞形 wound または winded)

2. (transitive) To turn coils of (a cord または something similar) around something.

   to wind thread on a spool or into a ball

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Whether to wind
     The woodbine round this arbour.

   • 1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:

     It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.

3. (transitive) To tighten the spring of a clockwork mechanism such as that of a clock.

   Please wind that old-fashioned alarm clock.

4. (transitive) To entwist; to enfold; to encircle.
   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms.

5. (intransitive) To travel in a way that is not straight.

   Vines wind round a pole.  The river winds through the plain.

   • 1829 May 2, [Walter Scott], Anne of Geierstein; or, The Maiden of the Mist. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh:  […] [Ballantyne and Company] for Cadell and Co., […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, […], →OCLC:

     He therefore turned him to the steep and rocky path which […] winded through the thickets of wild boxwood and other low aromatic shrubs.

   • 1751, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

     The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.

   • 1969, Paul McCartney, The Long and Winding Road:

     The long and winding road
     That leads to your door
     Will never disappear.

6. (transitive) To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure; to vary or alter at will; to regulate; to govern.
   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     to turn and wind a fiery Pegasus

   • 1648, Robert Herrick, “To his Conscience”, in Hesperides: Or, The Works both Humane & Divine […], London: […] John Williams, and Francis Eglesfield, and are to be sold by Tho[mas] Hunt, […], →OCLC; republished as Henry G. Clarke, editor, Hesperides, or Works both Human and Divine, volumes (please specify |volume=I または II), London: H. G. Clarke and Co., […], 1844, →OCLC:

     Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please
     And wind all other witnesses.

   • 12 October 1710, Joseph Addison, The Examiner No. 5

     Were our legislature vested in the person of our prince, he might doubtless wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure.

7. (transitive) To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate.
   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

     You have contrived […] to wind
     Yourself into a power tyrannical.

   • 1674, Richard Allestree, The Government of the Tongue:

     'Tis pleasant to see what little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse

8. (transitive) To cover or surround with something coiled about.

   to wind a rope with twine

9. (transitive) To cause to move by exerting a winding force; to haul or hoist, as by a winch.
   • 2012, Rural Affairs‎^[2], Anna Hutton-North, Lulu.com, →ISBN:

     Quickly she slammed the door shut and panicking wound the window up as fast as her slippery fingers would allow.

10. (transitive, nautical) To turn (a ship) around, end for end.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Esperanto: vindi

名詞

wind (複数形 winds)

1. The act of winding or turning; a turn; a bend; a twist.

参照

• wind at OneLook Dictionary Search

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *wind.

Germanic cognates include Old Frisian wind, Old Saxon wind, Dutch wind, Old High German wint (German Wind), Old Norse vindr (Swedish vind), Gothic ���������� (winds). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin ventus (French vent), Welsh gwynt, Tocharian A want, Tocharian B yente.

発音

• IPA^(key): /wind/

名詞

wind m

1. wind
2. flatulence

語形変化

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: wynd, wend, wende, wind, winde, wynde
  • English: wind
  • Scots: wind, win
  • Yola: weend, wyeene