catchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: kăch, IPA^(key): /kæt͡ʃ/
• (米国発音) enPR: kăch, kĕch, IPA^(key): /kæt͡ʃ/, /kɛt͡ʃ/
  • Noah Webster's American Dictionary (1828) regards /kɛt͡ʃ/ as the "popular or common pronunciation."^[1] It is labeled "not infreq[uent]" in Kenyon & Knott (1949).^[2]
• (Southern American English, 廃れた用法) enPR: kŏch, IPA^(key): /kɑt͡ʃ/ (see cotch)^[3]
• 韻: -ætʃ, -ɛtʃ

名詞

catch (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 catches)

1. (countable) The act of seizing or capturing.

   The catch of the perpetrator was the product of a year of police work.

2. (countable) The act of catching an object in motion, especially a ball.

   The player made an impressive catch.

   Nice catch!

3. (countable) The act of noticing, understanding or hearing.

   Good catch. I never would have remembered that.

   • 2008, John I. Carney, Soapstone (page 74)

     "In that case," said Jeff, "I just thought of something else we need." He walked over to one of the stations that was selling household goods and bought a can opener.
     "Nice catch," said Lucy.

4. (uncountable) The game of catching a ball.

   The kids love to play catch.

5. (countable) Something which is captured or caught.

   The fishermen took pictures of their catch.

   The catch amounted to five tons of swordfish.

6. (countable, colloquial, by extension) A find, in particular a boyfriend or girlfriend or prospective spouse.

   Did you see his latest catch?

   He's a good catch.

   • 2014 July 10, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain (webcomic), Comic 561 - A Catch:

     "Aaaugh! Just once, I wish I could be considered a catch by men younger than fifty..."

8. (countable) A stopping mechanism, especially a clasp which stops something from opening.

   She installed a sturdy catch to keep her cabinets closed tight.

9. (countable) A hesitation in voice, caused by strong emotion.

   There was a catch in his voice when he spoke his father's name.

10. (countable, sometimes noun adjunct) A concealed difficulty, especially in a deal or negotiation.

    It sounds like a great idea, but what's the catch?

    Be careful, that's a catch question.

11. (countable) A crick; a sudden muscle pain during unaccustomed positioning when the muscle is in use.

    I bent over to see under the table and got a catch in my side.

12. (countable) A fragment of music or poetry.
    • 1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion‎^[1], page 266:

      In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

    • 1872, Harriet Martineau, Deerbrook, page 90:

      "'Fair Enslaver!'" cried Mr. Enderby. "You must know 'Fair Enslaver:' there is not a sweeter catch than that. Come, Miss Ibbotson, begin; your sister will follow, and I—"
      But it so happened that Miss Ibbotson had never heard 'Fair Enslaver.'

13. (obsolete) A state of readiness to capture or seize; an ambush.
    • 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress, Part I Section 3:

      You lie at the catch again: this is not for edification.

    • 1655, Thomas Fuller, James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), new edition, London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, OCLC 913056315:

      The common and the canon law […] lie at catch, and wait advantages one against another.

14. (countable, agriculture) A crop which has germinated and begun to grow.
    • 1905, Eighth Biennial Report of the Board of Horticulture of the State of Oregon‎^[2], page 204:

      There was a good catch of rye and a good fall growth.

15. (obsolete) A type of strong boat, usually having two masts; a ketch.
    • 1612, John Smith, Map of Virginia, in Kupperman 1988, page 158:

      Fourteene miles Northward from the river Powhatan, is the river Pamaunke, which is navigable 60 or 70 myles, but with Catches and small Barkes 30 or 40 myles farther.

16. (countable, music) A type of humorous round in which the voices gradually catch up with one another; usually sung by men and often having bawdy lyrics.
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

      Let us be jocund: will you troll the catch / You taught me but while-ere?

    • 1966, Allen Tate, T. S. Eliot: The Man and His Work‎^[3], page 76:

      One night, I remember, we sang a catch, written (words かつ music) by Orlo Williams, for three voices.

17. (countable, music) The refrain; a line or lines of a song which are repeated from verse to verse.
    • 2003, Robert Hugh Benson, Come Rack! Come Rope!‎^[4], page 268:

      The phrase repeated itself like the catch of a song.

19. (countable, cricket, baseball) The act of catching a hit ball before it reaches the ground, resulting in an out.
    • 1997, May 10, “Henry Blofeld”, in Cricket: Rose and Burns revive Somerset‎^[5]:

      It was he who removed Peter Bowler with the help of a good catch at third slip.

20. (countable, cricket) A player in respect of his catching ability; particularly one who catches well.
    • 1894, September 16, To Meet Lord Hawke's Team‎^[6], page 21:

      […] in the field he is all activity, covers an immense amount of ground, and is a sure catch.

21. (countable, rowing) The first contact of an oar with the water.
    • 1935, June 7, “Robert F. Kelley”, in California Crews Impress at Debut‎^[7], page 29:

      They are sitting up straighter, breaking their arms at the catch and getting on a terrific amount of power at the catch with each stroke.

22. (countable, phonetics) A stoppage of breath, resembling a slight cough.
    • 2006, Mitsugu Sakihara et al., Okinawan-English Wordbook‎^[8], →ISBN:

      The glottal stop or glottal catch is the sound used in English in the informal words uh-huh 'yes' and uh-uh 'no'.

23. Passing opportunities seized; snatches.
    • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], OCLC 153628242:

      , Introduction

      the way it has been writ in, by catches, and many long intervals of interruption

24. A slight remembrance; a trace.
    • 1665, Joseph Glanvill, Scepsis Scientifica:

      We retain a catch of those pretty stories.

同意語

• (act of capturing): seizure, capture, collar, snatch
• (the act of catching a ball): grasp, snatch
• (act of noticing): observation
• (a find): prize, find; conquest, beau
• (quantity captured): haul, take
• (stopping mechanism): stop, chock; clasp, hasp, latch
• (hidden difficulty): snag, problem; trick, gimmick, hitch
• (fragment of music): snatch, fragment; snippet, bit
• (refrain): chorus, refrain, burden

派生語

動詞

catch (三人称単数 現在形 catches, 現在分詞 catching, 過去形および過去分詞形 caught)

1. (heading) To capture, overtake.
   1. (transitive) To capture or snare (someone または something which would rather escape). [from 13^thc.]

      I hope I catch a fish.  He ran but we caught him at the exit.  The police caught the robber at a nearby casino.

   2. (transitive) To entrap or trip up a person; to deceive. [from 14^thc.]
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Mark 12:13:

        And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

   3. (transitive, figuratively, dated) To marry or enter into a similar relationship with.
      • 1933, Sinclair Lewis, Ann Vickers, p.108:

        The public […] said that Miss Bogardus was a suffragist because she had never caught a man; that she wanted something, but it wasn't the vote.

      • 2006, Michael Collier and Georgia Machemer, Medea, p.23:

        As for Aspasia, concubinage with Pericles brought her as much honor as she could hope to claim in Athens. […] from the moment she caught her man, this influential, unconventional woman became a lightning rod […].

   4. (transitive) To reach (someone) with a strike, blow, weapon etc. [from 16^thc.]

      If he catches you on the chin, you'll be on the mat.

      • 2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:

        The visitors started brightly and had an early chance when Valencia's experienced captain David Albeda gifted the ball to Fernando Torres, but the striker was caught by defender Adil Rami as he threatened to shoot.

   5. (transitive) To overtake or catch up to; to be in time for. [from 17^thc.]

      If you leave now you might catch him.  I would love to have dinner but I have to catch a plane.

      • 2011 Allen Gregory, "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1):

        Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Did anyone catch the Charlie Rose the evening before last. Did you catch it? No, nothing?

   6. (transitive) To unpleasantly discover unexpectedly; to unpleasantly surprise (someone doing something). [from 17^thc.]

      He was caught on video robbing the bank.  He was caught in the act of stealing a biscuit.

   8. (transitive) To travel by means of. [from 19^thc.]

      catch the bus

      • 1987, A.J. Quinnell, In the Name of the Father, p.111:

        After about a kilometer I caught a taxi to Santa Croce.

   9. (transitive, rare) To become pregnant. (Only in past tense または as participle.) [from 19^thc.]
      • 2002, Orpha Caton, Shadow on the Creek, pp.102-103:

        Had Nancy got caught with a child? If so she would destroy her parent's dreams for her.

2. (heading) To seize hold of.
   1. (transitive, dated) To grab, seize, take hold of. [from 13^thc.]

      I caught her by the arm and turned her to face me.

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto II:

        Her aged Nourse, whose name was Glaucè hight, / Feeling her leape out of her loathed nest, / Betwixt her feeble armes her quickly keight […]

   2. (transitive) To take or replenish something necessary, such as breath or sleep. [from 14^thc.]

      I have to stop for a moment and catch my breath.  I caught some Z's on the train.

   3. (transitive) To grip or entangle. [from 17^thc.]

      My leg was caught in a tree-root.

   4. (intransitive) To be held back or impeded.

      Be careful your dress doesn't catch on that knob.  His voice caught when he came to his father's name.

      • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

        Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

   5. (intransitive) To engage with some mechanism; to stick, to succeed in interacting with something or initiating some process.

      Push it in until it catches.  The engine finally caught and roared to life.

   6. (transitive) To have something be held back or impeded.

      I caught my heel on the threshold.

   7. (intransitive) To make a grasping or snatching motion (at). [from 17^thc.]

      He caught at the railing as he fell.

   8. (transitive) Of fire, to spread or be conveyed to. [from 18^thc.]

      The fire spread slowly until it caught the eaves of the barn.

   9. (transitive, rowing) To grip (the water) with one's oars at the beginning of the stroke. [from 19^thc.]
      • 1906, Arthur W. Stevens, Practical Rowing with Scull and Sweep, p.63:

        Stop gathering, in that gradual fashion, and catch the water sharply and decisively.

   10. (intransitive, agriculture) To germinate and set down roots. [from 19^thc.]

       The seeds caught and grew.

   11. (transitive, surfing) To contact a wave in such a way that one can ride it back to shore.
       • 2001, John Lull, Sea Kayaking Safety & Rescue, p.203:

         If you are surfing a wave through the rocks, make sure you have a clear route before catching the wave.

   12. (transitive, computing) To handle an exception. [from 20^thc.]

       When the program catches an exception, this is recorded in the log file.

3. (heading) To intercept.
   1. (transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (または, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16^thc.]

      I will throw you the ball, and you catch it.  Watch me catch this raisin in my mouth.

   2. (transitive, now rare) To seize (an opportunity) when it occurs. [from 16^thc.]
      • 1811, [Jane Austen], “18”, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], OCLC 20599507:

        she internally resolved henceforward to catch every opportunity of eyeing the hair and of satisfying herself, […].

   3. (transitive, cricket) To end a player's innings by catching a hit ball before the first bounce. [from 18^thc.]

      Townsend hit 29 before he was caught by Wilson.

   4. (transitive, intransitive, baseball) To play (a specific period of time) as the catcher. [from 19^thc.]

      He caught the last three innings.

4. (heading) To receive (by being in the way).
   1. (transitive) To be the victim of (something unpleasant, painful etc.). [from 13^thc.]

      You're going to catch a beating if they find out.

   2. (transitive) To be touched or affected by (something) through exposure. [from 13^thc.]

      The sunlight caught the leaves and the trees turned to gold.  Her hair was caught by the light breeze.

   3. (transitive) To become infected by (an illness). [from 16^thc.]

      Everyone seems to be catching the flu this week.

   4. (intransitive) To spread by infection or similar means.
      • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, OCLC 79426475, Act I, scene ii, page 5:

        Does the sedition catch from man to man?

      • 1817, Mary Martha Sherwood, Stories Explanatory of the Church Catechism

        He accosted Mrs. Browne very civilly, told her his wife was very ill, and said he was sadly troubled to get a white woman to nurse her: "For," said he, "Mrs. Simpson has set it abroad that her fever is catching."

   5. (transitive, intransitive) To receive or be affected by (wind, water, fire etc.). [from 18^thc.]

      The bucket catches water from the downspout.  The trees caught quickly in the dry wind.

      • 2003, Jerry Dennis, The Living Great Lakes, p.63:

        the sails caught and filled, and the boat jumped to life beneath us.

   6. (transitive) To acquire, as though by infection; to take on through sympathy or infection. [from 16^thc.]

      She finally caught the mood of the occasion.

      And the next thing I knew, I had caught feelings for her.

   7. (transitive) To be hit by something.

      He caught a bullet in the back of the head last year.

   8. (intransitive) To serve well or poorly for catching, especially for catching fish.
      • 1877, Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, page 135:

        The nets caught well, and Mr. Deeley reported it the best fishing ground he ever tried.

   9. (intransitive) To get pregnant.

      Well, if you didn't catch this time, we'll have more fun trying again until you do.

5. (heading) To take in with one's senses or intellect.
   1. (transitive) To grasp mentally: perceive and understand. [from 16^thc.]

      Did you catch his name?  Did you catch the way she looked at him?

      • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326:

        “A tight little craft,” was Austin’s invariable comment on the matron; […]. ¶ Near her wandered her husband, orientally bland, invariably affable, and from time to time squinting sideways, as usual, in the ever-renewed expectation that he might catch a glimpse of his stiff, retroussé moustache.

   2. (transitive, informal) To take in; to watch or listen to (an entertainment). [from 20^thc.]

      I have some free time tonight so I think I'll catch a movie.

   3. (transitive) To reproduce or echo a spirit or idea faithfully. [from 17^thc.]

      You've really caught his determination in this sketch.

6. (heading) To seize attention, interest.
   1. (transitive) To charm or entrance. [from 14^thc.]
      • 2004, Catherine Asaro, The Moon's Shadow, p.40

        No, a far more natural beauty caught him.

   2. (transitive) To attract and hold (a faculty または organ of sense). [from 17^thc.]

      He managed to catch her attention.  The enormous scarf did catch my eye.

7. (heading) To obtain or experience