particularとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Compare particle.

発音

• (rhotic) IPA^(key): /pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
• (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /pəˈtɪkjələ/
• (米国発音, rhotic, r-dissimilation) IPA^(key): /pəˈtɪkjəlɚ/
• ハイフネーション: par‧tic‧u‧lar

形容詞

particular (comparative more particular, superlative most particular) (also non-comparable)

1. (obsolete) Pertaining only to a part of something; partial.
2. Specific; discrete; concrete.

   I couldn't find the particular model you asked for, but I hope this one will do.

   We knew it was named after John Smith, but nobody knows which particular John Smith.

   • c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene v]:

     I could a tale unfold whose lightest word
     Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood,
     Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres,
     Thy knotted and combined locks to part
     And each particular hair to stand on end

3. Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.

   I don't appreciate your particular brand of cynicism.

   • (Can we date this quote by Francis Bacon?)

     wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth

4. (obsolete) Known only to an individual person or group; confidential.
   • 1623, William Shakespeare, King Lear, V.1:

     or these domesticke and particular broiles, Are not the question heere.

5. Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).

   My five favorite places are, in no particular order, New York, Chicago, Paris, San Francisco and London.

   I didn't have any particular interest in the book.

   He brought no particular news.

   She was the particular belle of the party.

6. (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; precise; fastidious.

   He is very particular about his food and if it isn't cooked to perfection he will send it back.

   Women are more particular about their appearance.

7. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.

   a full and particular account of an accident

8. (law) Containing a part only; limited.

   a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder

9. (law) Holding a particular estate.

   a particular tenant

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Blackstone to this entry?)

10. (logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.

    a particular proposition, opposed to "universal", e.g. (particular affirmative) "Some men are wise"; (particular negative) "Some men are not wise".

同意語

• (specific; discrete; concrete): See also Thesaurus:specific
• (specialised): optimized, specialistic
• (of a person, concerned with details): See also Thesaurus:fastidious
• (concerned with details): See also Thesaurus:meticulous

反意語

• general

派生語

関連する語

Further reading

• particular in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

名詞

particular (複数形 particulars)

1. A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point. [from 15th c.]
2. (obsolete) A person's own individual case. [16th-19th c.]
   • 1603, John Florio, transl.; Michel de Montaigne, chapter 16, in The Essayes, […], book II, printed at London: By Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     Since philosophy could never find any way for tranquillity that might be generally good, let every man in his particular seeke for it.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Whole Duty of Man

     temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public […] or such as concern our particular

3. (now philosophy, chiefly in 複数形) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.) [from 17th c.]
   • 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

     When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

関連する語

• universal
• for one's particular