partyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 party, partye, partie, from Anglo-Norman partie, from Old French partie (“side, part; portion, share; separation, division”, literally “that which is divided”), noun use of feminine of past participle of Old French partir (“to divide, separate”), from Latin partire (“to share, part, distribute, divide”), from pars (“a part, piece, a share”); see also part. First attested in c. 1300. Doublet of partita. The sense of communist party of a communist state derives Russian партия (partija), short for Коммунистическая партия (Kommunističeskaja partija).

名詞

party (plural parties)

1. (law) A person or group of people constituting one side in a legal proceeding, such as in a legal action or a contract. [from ca. 1300s]

   The contract requires that the party of the first part pay the fee.

   His party was campaigning successfuly.

   • 1612, Sir John Davies, Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued:

     if the Jury had found that the party slain had been of English race and nation, it had been adjudged felony

2. (dated, slang, vulgar or humorous) A person; an individual. [from after 1475]

   He is a queer party.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     `These young parties have a way of looking at one, sir,' he would say apologetically, `which I don't call respectable.'

   1. With to: someone who takes part in an action or affair; an accessory.

      I can't possibly be a party to that kind of reckless behaviour.

3. (now rare in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest, etc., or united in maintaining a cause, policy, or opinion in opposition to others; a faction. [from ca. 1320s]
   • 1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 6, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:

     A mile back in the forest the tribe had heard the fierce challenge of the gorilla, and, as was his custom when any danger threatened, Kerchak called his people together, partly for mutual protection against a common enemy, since this gorilla might be but one of a party of several, and also to see that all members of the tribe were accounted for.

   1. (roleplaying games, online gaming) Active player characters organized into a single group.
   2. (video games) A group of characters controlled by the player.
   3. (politics) A political group considered as a formal whole, usually organized on a national basis, which contests elections and aims to form or take part in a government; a political party. [from 1680s]

      The green party took 12% of the vote.

      • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

        "A fine man, that Dunwody, yonder," commented the young captain, as they parted, and as he turned to his prisoner. "We'll see him on in Washington some day. […] A strong man—a strong one; and a heedless." ¶ "Of what party is he?" she inquired, as though casually.

      • 1949, George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four‎, page 103:

        The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command.

      • 1996, John Gittings, “Peasants in Revolt”, in Real China: From Cannibalism to Karaoke‎, Pocket Books, published 1997, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

        In the freer political atmosphere before the 1989 repression, peasant protests against the Party in Henan were sometimes openly discussed. A transcript of a meeting between peasants and cadres in Jili district near Luoyang published in the Peasants’ Daily recorded some vivid complaints.

      • 2025 June 21, Fredreka Schouten and Arit John, “The DNC’s cash crunch deepens as new filings show Republicans with a huge advantage”, in CNN‎:

        The RNC entered June with about $72.4 million in cash reserves, nearly five times the $15 million stockpiled by the DNC, as the two parties gear up for gubernatorial races this fall and next year’s costly midterm elections for Congress. […] The party’s cash crunch is serious enough that party officials have weighed seeking a line of credit to help it stay afloat, a development first reported by The New York Times.

      1. (with the and capital initial) The Communist Party, especially as the sole political party of a communist state. [from 1919]
      2. (dated, now rare) The feeling of solidarity with and support for one's political party; partisanship, especially in political matters. [from 1720s]
4. (military) A detachment of troops selected for a particular service or duty. [from ca. 1330]

   boarding party

   The settlers were attacked early next morning by a scouting party.

5. A group of people gathered together, especially temporarily, for a specific purpose such as travel or sport. [from after 1387]

   We're expecting a large party from the London office.

   Do you have a table available for a party of four?

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 63:

     We made an odd party before the arrival of the Ten, particularly when the Celebrity dropped in for lunch or dinner.

   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XV, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 163–164:

     […] the whole party were still standing and talking together very agreeably, when the sound of horses drew their notice, and Darcy and Bingley were seen riding down the street.

   • 1944 May and June, “Nature Provides a Railway Tunnel”, in Railway Magazine, page 132:

     When the line was being surveyed in 1880, the survey party, proceeding along the course of Stock Creek, reached a natural amphitheatre with a rock wall 200 ft. high, in the face of which there was an arched tunnel entrance, [...] into which the stream passed.

   1. A social gathering, usually of invited guests, which typically involves eating, drinking, and entertainment and often held to celebrate a particular occasion. [from 1700s]

      I'm throwing a huge party for my 21st birthday.

      • 2016 April 3, “Congressional Fundraising”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 7, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

        So-So, tonight, tonight, let’s look at where that time actually goes, and let’s begin with the most obvious form of fundraising: fundraisers. These are usually shitty parties in D.C. bars, restaurants, or townhouses, and there are a lot of them! The Sunlight Foundation estimates that, in the last election cycle, members of Congress held over 28 hundred fundraisers! Washington is like Rod Stewart’s haircut: party in the front, party in the back, frankly too much party and no business anywhere to be found!

      • 2017, “Any Party”, in Pleasure, performed by Feist:

        You know I’d leave any party for you / 'Cause no party’s so sweet as a party of two

   2. A gathering of acquaintances so that one of them may offer items for sale to the rest of them.

      Tupperware party

      lingerie party

6. A small group of birds or mammals. [from after 1387]
   • 1830 March 5, The Australian, Sydney, page 3, column 3:

     Small parties of cattle were seen browsing in places where they must with with difficulty have kept their footing[.]

   • 1903, D.D. Cunningham, Some Indian Friends and Acquaintances, London: John Murray, page 28:

     A party of mynas, consisting of several males and females, once selected the top of a low terraced roof, just below my verandah, as a site for courting and quarrelling.

   • 2009, Mark Brazil, The Birds of East Asia, London: Christopher Helm, page 272:

     Small parties and flocks close to breeding sites commonly give shrill, high-pitched, trilling screams.

7. (obsolete) A part or portion. [ca. 1300–1654]
   • 1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum xv”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

     And so the moost party of the castel that was falle doune thorugh that dolorous stroke laye vpon Pellam and balyn thre dayes.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

8. (obsolete) A prospective partner or an offer of marriage. [1492–1854]
9. (obsolete) A decision, resolution, agreement. [1585–1767]

同意語

• (social gathering): bash, do, rave
• See also Thesaurus:party

下位語

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Bulgarian: парти (parti)
• → Cantonese: 派對 / 派对 (paai deoi), party, ⇒ P
• → Dhivehi: ޕާޓީ (pāṭī)
• → Japanese: パーティー (pātī)
• → Korean: 파티 (pati)
• → Mandarin: 趴體 / 趴体 (pātǐ), 派對 / 派对 (pàiduì)
• → Maori: pāti
• → Malay: parti
• → Russian: пати (pati), парти (parti)

動詞

party (third-person singular simple present parties, present participle partying, simple past and past participle partied)

1. (intransitive) To celebrate at a party, to have fun, to enjoy oneself.

   We partied until the early hours.

2. (intransitive, slang, euphemistic) To take recreational drugs.
   • 2004, Daniel Nicholas Shields, Firewoman:

     “Miss, do you party?” the boy asked. “What?” Jennifer asked back. “Do you smoke? I'll get you some cheap. One American dollar equals forty Jamaican dollars. I'll get you as much of the stuff as you need.”

3. (intransitive) To engage in flings, to have one-night stands, to sow one's wild oats.
4. (online gaming, intransitive) To form a party (with).

   If you want to beat that monster, you should party with a healer.

派生語

副詞

party (comparative more party, superlative most party)

1. (obsolete) Partly.

語源 2

From 中期英語 party, from Old French parti (“parted”), from Latin partītus (“parted”), past participle of partiō (“to divide”). More at part.

形容詞

party (not comparable)

1. (obsolete, except in compounds) Divided; in part.
   1. (heraldry) Divided into parts of different tinctures, usually equal, and especially following the lines of one of the ordinaries.

      an escutcheon party per pale

   2. (of a fence or wall, rare) Shared by two properties and serving to divide them.
      • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:

        Now converging, now diverging, these fences presented a striking irregularity of contour. No fence was party, nor any part of any fence.

2. (clarification of this definition is needed) Favoring one party; partisan.

派生語

参照

• “party, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “party, a.”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “party, a. and adv.”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• praty, yrapt

名詞

@ party (plural @ parties)

1. (Internet, historical) An informal private party held as part of a convention, giving Internet users a chance to meet in person.
   • 1992, Richard L. Butler, “An @ party at Balticon, Room 3121, hurrah...”, in rec.arts.sf.fandom (Usenet):

     Hi! An @ party will be held in Room 3121 at Balticon on Saturday night, starting at 10 PM and going for an as-yet undetermined while. The @ party is hosted by Digital Express Group, purveyors of that mightiest of refreshments, digital espresso!

   • 1993, Binky, “@ Party?”, in alt.fandom.cons (Usenet):

     I've been to a few @ parties- it's very simple. You look at the party board, and show up at the appropriate place and time. Usually/often someone at the door will ask you for your email address (just to make sure you aren't some kind of clueless geek, I guess), and you go on in and meet net.people.

アナグラム

• praty, yrapt