throwとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from 古期英語 þrāwan (“to turn, twist, curl, rack, torture, turn around”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”). Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”), Danish dreje (“to turn”), Swedish dreja (“to turn”), Albanian dredh (“to turn, twist, tremble”), Bulgarian изтърва́вам (iztǎrvávam, “to drop”).

動詞

throw (三人称単数 現在形 throws, 現在分詞 throwing, 過去形 threw, 過去分詞 thrown)

A man throws a coconut on a beach in Ivory Coast (1)

1. (transitive) To hurl; to cause an object to move rapidly through the air.

   throw a shoe; throw a javelin; the horse threw its rider

   • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 5, in The Celebrity:

     When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

   Synonyms: bowl, bung, buzz, cast, catapult, chuck, dash, direct, fire, fling, flip, heave, hurl, launch, lob, pitch, project, propel, send, shoot, shy, sling, toss, whang

2. (transitive) To eject or cause to fall off.
   • c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:

     There the snake throws her enamelled skin.

   Synonyms: eject, throw off

3. (transitive) To move to another position or condition; to displace.

   throw the switch

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.

   Synonyms: displace, relocate

4. (ceramics) To make (a pot) by shaping clay as it turns on a wheel.
5. (transitive, cricket, of a bowler) to deliver (the ball) illegally by straightening the bowling arm during delivery.
6. (transitive, computing) To send (an error) to an exception-handling mechanism in order to interrupt normal processing.

   If the file is read-only, the method throws an invalid-operation exception.

7. (sports, video games) To intentionally lose a game.

   The tennis player was accused of taking bribes to throw the match.

   • 2012, August 1. Peter Walker and Haroon Siddique in Guardian Unlimited, Eight Olympic badminton players disqualified for 'throwing games'

     Four pairs of women's doubles badminton players, including the Chinese top seeds, have been ejected from the Olympic tournament for trying to throw matches in an effort to secure a more favourable quarter-final draw.

   Synonym: take a dive

8. (transitive, informal) To confuse or mislead.

   The deliberate red herring threw me at first.

   • 1999, Jan Blackstone-Ford, The Custody Solutions Sourcebook, page 196:

     "Jann, why does he hate me so much?" That question threw me. I was expecting a lunatic yelling profanities.

9. (figurative) To send desperately.

   Their sergeant threw the troops into pitched battle.

   • 2010 December 28, Marc Vesty, “Stoke 0-2 Fulham”, in BBC:

     Stoke threw men forward in numbers as they attempted to find a way back into the game, and Mark Schwarzer was forced into a low save from Huth's close-range effort.

10. (transitive) To imprison.

    The magistrate ordered the suspect to be thrown into jail.

    • 1818, Mary Shelley, Frankenstein

      The plot of Felix was quickly discovered, and De Lacey and Agatha were thrown into prison.

    • 1993, Margaret McKee, Fred Chisenhall, Beale black & blue: life and music on black America's main street - Page 30

      The standard method of dealing with an addict was to arrest him, throw him into a cell, and leave him until the agonizing pangs of withdrawal were over.

11. To organize an event, especially a party.
    • 1986 March 1, “Bash Planned”, in Evening News:

      And now, Clevelanders hoping to bring the Rock Roll Hall of Fame to their city are throwing a bash to commemorate the 34th birthday of disc Jockey Alan Freed's "Moondog Coronation Ball".

    • 1979, Working Mother, July 1979, Page 72[1]

      Should you be interested, for whatever reason, it will tell you how to throw a party for your 40-year-old husband or your 100-year-old great-grandmother. It also describes games that can be played at various kinds of parties […]

12. (transitive, intransitive) To roll (a die または dice).
    • 1844, Samuel Laing translating Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla

      The kings came to the agreement between themselves that they would cast lots by the dice to determine who should have this property, and that he who threw the highest should have the district. The Swedish king threw two sixes, and said King Olaf need scarcely throw.

13. (transitive) To cause a certain number on the die or dice to be shown after rolling it.
    • 1844, Samuel Laing translating Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla

      The kings came to the agreement between themselves that they would cast lots by the dice to determine who should have this property, and that he who threw the highest should have the district. The Swedish king threw two sixes, and said King Olaf need scarcely throw.

14. (transitive, bridge) To discard.
    • 1990 January 4, “Sharp coup overcomes trump split”, in The Washington Times:

      Declarer threw his queen of spades on the high diamond. He then won the last three tricks with his ace, queen and nine of hearts behind East's jack third.

15. (martial arts) To lift the opponent off the ground and bring him back down, especially into a position behind the thrower.
16. (transitive, said of one's voice) To change in order to give the illusion that the voice is that of someone else.
    • 2005 April 13, Leon Neyfakh, “BOOKENDS: Will the Real Jonathan Safran Foer Please Stand Up”, in Harvard Crimson:

      “Then, when I throw my voice, when I speak as someone who's quite different from me, it starts to feel very authentic.”

17. (transitive) To show sudden emotion, especially anger.
    • 1991, Janet L. Davies, Ellen Hastings Janosik, Mental health and psychiatric nursing: a caring approach

      Bill runs into the kitchen and tells Dad that Erik is throwing a tantrum. He tells Bill to go back and watch his program and to ignore his brother. Fifteen minutes later, Erik is still screaming […]

    • 1996, New York Magazine, Vol. 29, No. 32, 19 Aug 1996; Entertaining Mrs Stone

      In 1975, pregnant with the second of her three children, she threw a hissy fit to get on a trip to Boston for elected officials.

18. (transitive) To project or send forth.
    • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars:

      Warwick left the undertaker's shop and retraced his steps until he had passed the lawyer's office, toward which he threw an affectionate glance.

    • 2007 June 11, Claude Salhani, “Analysis: Irony of Bush's European tour”, in UPI:

      In other European cities the president visited this week, people waited for his motorcade to pass to throw insults at him, requiring the police to intervene with batons, water cannons and tear gas.

19. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.
    • 1726, Pope, Alexander, transl., “Book III”, in The Odyssey, translation of original by Homer, line 596; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 543:

      O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw.

20. To twist two or more filaments of (silk, etc.) so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Tomlinson to this entry?)

21. (baseball, slang, of a team, a manager, etc.) To select (a pitcher); to assign a pitcher to a given role (such as starter または reliever).
    • 2009, Michael T. Lynch, Jr., It Ain't So: A Might-Have-Been History of the White Sox in 1919 and Beyond, page 63 →ISBN

      I have a minor quibble with Gleason's decision to throw Lefty Williams in Game Eight with the Series in the balance.

22. (transitive) To install (a bridge).
    • 1860, Fredrika Bremer (trans. Mary Howitt), Life in the Old World, v. 1, p. 164.

      […] across the rapid smaragdus-green waters, pouring onward into the country, are thrown three bridges ...

23. (obsolete, Scotland, Northern England) To twist or turn.

    a thrown nail

24. (米国用法 football) Synonym of pass

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:throw

派生語

参照

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language

名詞

throw (複数形 throws)

1. The flight of a thrown object.

   What a great throw by the quarterback!

2. The act of throwing something.

   With an accurate throw, he lassoed the cow.

   The gambler staked everything on one throw of the dice.

   • 2006, Hans-Wolfgang Loidl, Trends in Functional Programming (volume 5, page 62)

     If the expression is a throw, we unwind the stack seeking a handler expression.

3. One's ability to throw.

   He's got a girl's throw.

   He's always had a pretty decent throw.

4. A distance travelled; displacement.

   the throw of the piston

   • 1947, James Jerome Gibson, Motion Picture Testing and Research (issue 7, page 49)

     The visibility of the screen image is affected by the length of throw of the projector, the type of projector, the intensity of the projector lamp, and the type of the screen.

5. A piece of fabric used to cover a bed, sofa or other soft furnishing.
6. A single instance, occurrence, venture, or chance.

   Football tickets are expensive at fifty bucks a throw.