throwとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from 古期英語 þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”). Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”), Danish dreje (“to turn”), Swedish dreja (“to turn”), Albanian dredh (“to turn, twist, tremble”), Bulgarian изтърва́вам (iztǎrvávam, “to drop”).

動詞

throw (三人称単数 現在形 throws, 現在分詞 throwing, 過去形 threw, 過去分詞 thrown)

A man throws a coconut on a beach in Ivory Coast (1)

1. (transitive) To hurl; to cause an object to move rapidly through the air.

   throw a shoe; throw a javelin; the horse threw its rider

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

   Synonyms: bowl, bung, buzz, cast, catapult, chuck, dash, direct, fire, fling, flip, heave, hurl, launch, lob, pitch, project, propel, send, shoot, shy, sling, toss, whang

2. (transitive) To eject or cause to fall off.
   • c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:

     There the snake throws her enamelled skin.

   Synonyms: eject, throw off

3. (transitive) To move to another position or condition; to displace.

   throw the switch

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.

   Synonyms: displace, relocate

4. (ceramics) To make (a pot) by shaping clay as it turns on a wheel.
5. (transitive, cricket, of a bowler) to deliver (the ball) illegally by straightening the bowling arm during delivery.
6. (transitive, computing) To send (an error) to an exception-handling mechanism in order to interrupt normal processing.

   If the file is read-only, the method throws an invalid-operation exception.

7. (sports, video games) To intentionally lose a game.

   The tennis player was accused of taking bribes to throw the match.

   • 2012, August 1. Peter Walker and Haroon Siddique in Guardian Unlimited, Eight Olympic badminton players disqualified for 'throwing games'

     Four pairs of women's doubles badminton players, including the Chinese top seeds, have been ejected from the Olympic tournament for trying to throw matches in an effort to secure a more favourable quarter-final draw.

   Synonym: take a dive

8. (transitive, informal) To confuse or mislead.

   The deliberate red herring threw me at first.

   • 1999, Jan Blackstone-Ford, The Custody Solutions Sourcebook, page 196:

     "Jann, why does he hate me so much?" That question threw me. I was expecting a lunatic yelling profanities.

9. (figuratively) To send desperately.

   Their sergeant threw the troops into pitched battle.

   • 2010 December 28, Marc Vesty, “Stoke 0-2 Fulham”, in BBC:

     Stoke threw men forward in numbers as they attempted to find a way back into the game, and Mark Schwarzer was forced into a low save from Huth's close-range effort.

10. (transitive) To imprison.

    The magistrate ordered the suspect to be thrown into jail.

    • 1818, Mary Shelley, Frankenstein

      The plot of Felix was quickly discovered, and De Lacey and Agatha were thrown into prison.

    • 1993, Margaret McKee, Fred Chisenhall, Beale black & blue: life and music on black America's main street - Page 30

      The standard method of dealing with an addict was to arrest him, throw him into a cell, and leave him until the agonizing pangs of withdrawal were over.

11. To organize an event, especially a party.
    • 1986 March 1, “Bash Planned”, in Evening News:

      And now, Clevelanders hoping to bring the Rock Roll Hall of Fame to their city are throwing a bash to commemorate the 34th birthday of disc Jockey Alan Freed's "Moondog Coronation Ball".

    • 1979, Working Mother, July 1979, Page 72[1]

      Should you be interested, for whatever reason, it will tell you how to throw a party for your 40-year-old husband or your 100-year-old great-grandmother. It also describes games that can be played at various kinds of parties […]

12. (transitive, intransitive) To roll (a die または dice).
    • 1844, Samuel Laing translating Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla

      The kings came to the agreement between themselves that they would cast lots by the dice to determine who should have this property, and that he who threw the highest should have the district. The Swedish king threw two sixes, and said King Olaf need scarcely throw.

13. (transitive) To cause a certain number on the die or dice to be shown after rolling it.
    • 1844, Samuel Laing translating Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla

      The kings came to the agreement between themselves that they would cast lots by the dice to determine who should have this property, and that he who threw the highest should have the district. The Swedish king threw two sixes, and said King Olaf need scarcely throw.

14. (transitive, bridge) To discard.
    • 1990 January 4, “Sharp coup overcomes trump split”, in The Washington Times:

      Declarer threw his queen of spades on the high diamond. He then won the last three tricks with his ace, queen and nine of hearts behind East's jack third.

15. (martial arts) To lift the opponent off the ground and bring him back down, especially into a position behind the thrower.
16. (transitive, said of one's voice) To change in order to give the illusion that the voice is that of someone else.
    • 2005 April 13, Leon Neyfakh, “BOOKENDS: Will the Real Jonathan Safran Foer Please Stand Up”, in Harvard Crimson:

      “Then, when I throw my voice, when I speak as someone who's quite different from me, it starts to feel very authentic.”

17. (transitive) To show sudden emotion, especially anger.
    • 1991, Janet L. Davies, Ellen Hastings Janosik, Mental health and psychiatric nursing: a caring approach

      Bill runs into the kitchen and tells Dad that Erik is throwing a tantrum. He tells Bill to go back and watch his program and to ignore his brother. Fifteen minutes later, Erik is still screaming […]

    • 1996, New York Magazine, Vol. 29, No. 32, 19 Aug 1996; Entertaining Mrs Stone

      In 1975, pregnant with the second of her three children, she threw a hissy fit to get on a trip to Boston for elected officials.

18. (transitive) To project or send forth.
    • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars:

      Warwick left the undertaker's shop and retraced his steps until he had passed the lawyer's office, toward which he threw an affectionate glance.

    • 2007 June 11, Claude Salhani, “Analysis: Irony of Bush's European tour”, in UPI:

      In other European cities the president visited this week, people waited for his motorcade to pass to throw insults at him, requiring the police to intervene with batons, water cannons and tear gas.

19. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.
    • 1726, Pope, Alexander, transl., “Book III”, in The Odyssey, translation of original by Homer, line 596; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 543:

      O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw.

20. To twist two or more filaments of (silk, etc.) so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.
    • 1829, Stephen Glover, Thomas Noble, The History of the County of Derby:

      A person named Crocket endeavoured to throw silk at Derby in the year 1702 ; but his machinery was imperfect

21. (baseball, slang, of a team, a manager, etc.) To select (a pitcher); to assign a pitcher to a given role (such as starter または reliever).
    • 2009, Michael T. Lynch, Jr., It Ain't So: A Might-Have-Been History of the White Sox in 1919 and Beyond, page 63 →ISBN

      I have a minor quibble with Gleason's decision to throw Lefty Williams in Game Eight with the Series in the balance.

22. (transitive) To install (a bridge).
    • 1860, Fredrika Bremer (trans. Mary Howitt), Life in the Old World, v. 1, p. 164.

      […] across the rapid smaragdus-green waters, pouring onward into the country, are thrown three bridges ...

23. (obsolete, Scotland, Northern England) To twist or turn.

    a thrown nail

24. (米国用法 football) Synonym of pass
25. (transitive) (of a punch または boxing combination) to deliver
    • 1941, Newsweek, Volume 18, p.54, [2]

      ···not only did I not want to throw a punch at him, I wanted to give him a solid silver token of thanks···

26. (transitive, veterinary medicine) Of animals: to give birth to (young).
    • 1916, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association: Volume 49

      At the end of the normal gestation period the cow threw two calf mummies as large as cats.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:throw

派生語

参照

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language

名詞

throw (複数形 throws)

1. The flight of a thrown object.

   What a great throw by the quarterback!

2. The act of throwing something.

   With an accurate throw, he lassoed the cow.

   The gambler staked everything on one throw of the dice.

   • 2006, Hans-Wolfgang Loidl, Trends in Functional Programming (volume 5, page 62)

     If the expression is a throw, we unwind the stack seeking a handler expression.

3. One's ability to throw.

   He's got a girl's throw.

   He's always had a pretty decent throw.

4. A distance travelled; displacement.

   the throw of the piston

   • 1947, James Jerome Gibson, Motion Picture Testing and Research (issue 7, page 49)

     The visibility of the screen image is affected by the length of throw of the projector, the type of projector, the intensity of the projector lamp, and the type of the screen.

5. A piece of fabric used to cover a bed, sofa or other soft furnishing.
6. A single instance, occurrence, venture, or chance.

   Football tickets are expensive at fifty bucks a throw.

7. (veterinary medicine) The act of giving birth in animals, especially in cows.

派生語

• a stone's throw
• bike throw
• corner throw
• throw pillow
• throw-up

参照

• Krueger, Dennis (December 1982). "Why On Earth Do They Call It Throwing?" Studio Potter Vol. 11, Number 1.[3]

語源 2

From Middle English, from 古期英語 þrāh, þrāg (“space of time, period, while”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Gothic �������������� (þragjan, “to run”).

名詞

throw (複数形 throws)

1. (obsolete) A moment, time, occasion.
2. (obsolete) A period of time; a while.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.iv:

     Downe himselfe he layd / Vpon the grassie ground, to sleepe a throw; / The cold earth was his couch, the hard steele his pillow.

同意語

• stound

語源 3

See throe.

名詞

throw (複数形 throws)

1. Obsolete spelling of throe
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book I, canto X, stanza 41, page 146:

     O man haue mind of that laſt bitter throvv; / For as the tree does fall, ſo lyes it euer lovv.

   • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Cotton Grasse”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, OCLC 1184595079, book I, page 27:

     [Valerius] Cordus ſaith, that Iuncus bombicinus ſodden in vvine, and ſo taken, helpeth the throvves and gripings of the bellie, that vvomen haue in their childing.

   • c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii], page 97, column 1:

     Commend me to them, / And tell them, that to eaſe them of their greefes, / Their feares of Hoſtile ſtrokes, their Aches loſſes, / Their pangs of Loue, vvith other incident throvves / That Natures fragile Veſſell doth ſuſtaine / In lifes vncertaine voyage, I vvill ſome kindnes do them, […]

   • 1693, Thomas Yalden, “The Curse of Babylon. Paraphras’d from the Thirteenth Chapter of Isaia. A Pindaric Ode.”, in Examen Poeticum: Being the Third Part of Miscellany Poems. […], London: […] R. E. for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 1048877971, stanza 5, pages 314–315:

     I'll viſit their Diſtreſs vvith Plagues and Miſeries, / The throvvs that VVomens Labours vvait, / Convulſive Pangs, and bloody Svveat, / Their Beauty ſhall conſume, and vital Spirits ſeize.

   • 1719, [Daniel Defoe], The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], OCLC 613471018, page 203:

     I had then ſuch Convulſions in my Stomach, for want of ſome Suſtenance, that I cannot deſcribe; with ſuch frequent Throws and Pangs of Appetite, that nothing but the Tortures of Death can imitate; […]

   • 1730, James Thomson, “Autumn”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, OCLC 642619686, lines 1322–1323, page 161:

     Seiz'd by the general joy, his heart diſtends / With gentle throws; […]

   • 1742, [Edward Young], “Night the First. On Life, Death, and Immortality. […]”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: […] [Samuel Richardson] for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, OCLC 753424981, page 14:

     In this Shape, or in that, has Fate entail'd / The Mother's Throws on all of Woman born, / Not more the Children, than ſure Heirs of Pain.

   • 1806 October, J. H. K., “Hints on the Manner in which Christian Parents should Improve the Death of Children”, in The Evangelical Magazine, volume XIV, London: […] [G. Auld] for Williams and Smith, […], OCLC 1013379849, page 441:

     [W]e never know the full force of parental affection till our children are about to be taken from us. It is then that we discover how strongly they have entwined themselves round our hearts; when we behold the fixed eye, the pale lips, the convulsive throws of death distorting the countenance; or when with aching and throbbing hearts we deposit those who are a part of ourselves in the cold and silent grave.