badとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bad, badde (“wicked, evil, depraved”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a shortening of 古期英語 bæddel (“hermaphrodite”) (for loss of -el compare Middle English muche from 古期英語 myċel, かつ Middle English wenche from 古期英語 wenċel), or at least related to it and/or to bædan (“to defile”), from Proto-Germanic *bad- (compare Old High German pad (“hermaphrodite”)). Alternatively, perhaps a loan from Old Norse into Middle English, compare Norwegian bad (“effort, trouble, fear”, neuter noun), East Danish bad (“damage, destruction, fight”, neuter noun), from the Proto-Germanic noun *bada-.^[1]

形容詞

bad (comparative worse or (一般的ではない用法) badder, superlative worst or (一般的ではない用法) baddest)

1. Unfavorable; negative; not good.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.

   You have been very bad.

   The weather looks pretty bad right now.

   He is in a bad mood.

   You have very bad grades.

2. Not suitable or fitting.

   Do you think it is a bad idea to confront him directly?

3. Not appropriate, of manners etc.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     “ […] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery. […] ”

   It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.

4. Unhealthy; liable to cause health problems.

   Lard is bad for you. Smoking is bad for you, too. Grapes are bad for dogs but not for humans.

5. Sickly, unhealthy, unwell.

   Joe's in a bad way; he can't even get out of bed.

   I went to the hospital to see how my grandfather was doing. Unfortunately, he's in a bad state.

   I've had a bad back since the accident.

6. Not behaving; behaving badly; misbehaving; mischievous or disobedient.

   Stop being bad, or you will get a spanking!

7. Tricky; stressful; unpleasant.

   Divorce is usually a bad experience for everybody involved.

8. Evil; wicked.

   Be careful. There are bad people in the world.

9. Faulty; not functional.

   I had a bad headlight.

10. (of food) Spoiled, rotten, overripe.

    These apples have gone bad.

11. (of breath) Malodorous; foul.

    Bad breath is not pleasant for anyone.

12. False; counterfeit; illegitimate.

    They were caught trying to pass bad coinage.

13. Unskilled; of limited ability; not good.

    I'm pretty bad at speaking French.

    He's a bad gardener; everything he tries to grow ends up dying.

14. Of poor physical appearance.

    I look really bad whenever I get less than seven hours of sleep.

    I don't look bad in this dress, do I?

15. (informal) Bold and daring.
17. (slang) Good, superlative, excellent, cool.
    • 1986, Darryl McDaniels and Joseph Simmons (lyrics かつ music), “Peter Piper”, in Raising Hell, performed by Run-DMC:

      He's the big bad wolf in your neighborhood / not bad meaning bad, but bad meaning good

    • 1994, N2Deep (lyrics), “Best Ever”, in 24-7-365, track 7:

      Man, that bitch was bad—it was the best piece of pussy that I ever had.

    Man, that new car you bought is bad!

    You is ^[sic] bad, man!

18. (of a need, want, または pain) Severe, urgent.

    He is in bad need of a haircut.

    • 1965, Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, Bobby Hart (lyrics かつ music), “Hurt So Bad”, in Hurt So Bad, performed by The Lettermen:

      Oh let me tell you that it / Hurts so bad / It makes me feel so sad / You make it hurt so bad / To see you again.

19. (US, slang) Overly promiscuous, licentious.
    • 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown‎^[1], Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, かつ MJG):

      You leave your girl around me; if she's bad she's gonna get stuck.

20. (African-American Vernacular, slang) Attractive, see badass
21. (slang, of a draft/check) Not covered by funds on account.

    He gave me a bad check.

同意語

• (not good): unfavorable, negative; see also Thesaurus:bad
• (not suitable または fitting): inappropriate, unfit; see also Thesaurus:unsuitable
• (not appropriate, of manners etc.):
• (liable to cause health problems): unhealthful, unwholesome; see also Thesaurus:harmful
• (unhealthy; unwell): ill, poorly, sickly; see also Thesaurus:ill
• (tricky; stressful; unpleasant): foul, loathsome; see also Thesaurus:unpleasant
• (evil; wicked): wicked, evil, vile, vicious; see also Thesaurus:evil
• (not functional): faulty, inoperative; see also Thesaurus:out of order
• (of food): rotten; see also Thesaurus:rotten
• (of breath): malodorous, foul; see also Thesaurus:malodorous
• (false; counterfeit): false, spurious; see also Thesaurus:fake
• (of limited ability): bungling, inept; see also Thesaurus:unskilled
• (of poor physical appearance): repulsive, unsightly; see also Thesaurus:ugly
• (bold, daring): badass; see also Thesaurus:brave
• (good): see also Thesaurus:good
• (of a need または want): dire, severe, urgent; see also Thesaurus:urgent
• (overly promiscuous): see also Thesaurus:promiscuous
• (of a draft/check): rubber, hot

反意語

派生語

参考

副詞

bad (comparative worse, superlative worst)

1. (now colloquial) Badly.

   I didn't do too bad in the last exam.

   • 1969, Lennon–McCartney (lyrics かつ music), “I Want You (She’s So Heavy)”, in Abbey Road, performed by The Beatles:

     I want you / I want you so bad, it's driving me mad

名詞

bad (複数形 bads)

1. (slang) Error, mistake.

   Sorry, my bad!

   • 1993, Mitch Albom, Fab five: basketball, trash talk, the American dream‎^[2]:

     "My bad, My bad!” Juwan yelled, scowling

   • 2003, Zane, Skyscraper, page 7:

     “Chico, you're late again.” I turned around and stared him in his beady eyes. “I missed my bus. My bad, Donald.” “Your bad? Your bad? What kind of English is that?

   • 2008, Camika Spencer, Cubicles, page 68:

     Teresa broke out in laughter. “Dang, I sound like I'm talking to my man.” “I tried your cell phone, but you didn't answer.” “I left it at home, Friday. My bad.” “Yeah, your bad.” I laughed. “Really, I'm sorry. It won't happen again.

2. (countable, uncountable, economics) An item (または kind of item) of merchandise with negative value; an unwanted good.
   • 2011, Thompson, Henry, International Economics: Global Markets and Competition, 3rd edition, World Scientific, page 97:

     Imports are an economic good but exports an economic bad. Exports must be produced but are enjoyed by foreign consumers.

   • 2011, William J. Boyes, Michael Melvin, Economics, 9th edition, Cengage Learning, page 4:

     An economic bad is anything that you would pay to get rid of. It is not so hard to think of examples of bads: pollution, garbage, and disease fit the description.

間投詞

bad!

1. A call of misbehaving children or pets

参照

語源 2

From Middle English bad, from 古期英語 bæd, first and third-person singular indicative past tense of biddan (“to ask”).

動詞

bad

1. (archaic) alternative past of bid. See bade.

語源 3

Unknown

動詞

bad (三人称単数 現在形 bads, 現在分詞 badding, 過去形および過去分詞形 badded)

1. (Britain, dialect, transitive) To shell (a walnut).
   • 1876, The Gloucester Journal, Oct. 7, 1876, reported in A. Gregory, “Gloucestershire Dialect,” Notes and Queries, 5th ser., 6, 148 (1876‑10‑28): 346

     A curious specimen of Gloucestershire dialect came out in an assault case heard by the Gloucester court magistrates on Saturday. One of the witnesses, speaking of what a girl was doing at the time the assault took place, said she was ‘badding’ walnuts in a pigstye. The word is peculiarly provincial: to ‘bad’ walnuts is to strip away the husk. The walnut, too, is often called a ‘bannut,’ and hence the old Gloucestershire phrase, ‘Come an’ bad the bannuts.’

アナグラム

• ABD, ADB, Abd., BDA, D.B.A., DAB, DBA, abd., d/b/a, dab, dba

発音

• IPA^(key): /bɑːd/

動詞

bād

1. first/third-person singular preterite of bīdan