badとは

語源 1

From Middle English bad, badde (“wicked, evil, depraved”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a shortening of 古期英語 bæddel (“hermaphrodite”) (for loss of -el compare Middle English muche from 古期英語 myċel, かつ Middle English wenche from 古期英語 wenċel), from bædan (“to defile”), from Proto-Germanic *bad- (compare Old High German pad (“hermaphrodite”)). Alternatively, a loan from Old Norse into Middle English, compare Norwegian bad (“effort, trouble, fear”, neuter noun), East Danish bad (“damage, destruction, fight”, neuter noun), from the Proto-Germanic noun *bada- (Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, s. v. *badōjan-).

形容詞

bad (comparative worse, superlative worst)

1. Unfavorable; negative; not good.
   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 10, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.

   You have bad credit.

   The weather looks pretty bad right now.

   Don't talk to him, he's in a bad mood.

2. Not suitable or fitting.

   Do you think it is a bad idea to confront him directly?

3. Not appropriate, of manners etc.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     “[…] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery. […]”

   It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.

4. Unhealthy; liable to cause health problems.

   Lard is bad for you. Smoking is bad for you, too. Grapes are bad for dogs but not for humans.

5. Tricky; stressful; unpleasant.

   Divorce is usually a bad experience for everybody involved.

6. Evil; wicked.

   Be careful. There are bad people in the world.

7. Faulty; not functional.

   I had a bad headlight.

8. (of food) Spoiled, rotten, overripe.

   These apples have gone bad.

9. (of breath) Malodorous; foul.

   Bad breath is not pleasant for anyone.

10. Unskilled; of limited ability; not good.

    I'm pretty bad at speaking French.

    He's a bad gardener; everything he tries to grow ends up dying.

11. Sickly, unhealthy, unwell.

    Joe's in a bad way; he can't even get out of bed.

    I went to the hospital to see how my grandfather was doing. Unfortunately, he's in a bad state.

12. Of poor physical appearance.

    I look really bad whenever I get less than seven hours of sleep.

    I don't look bad in this dress, do I?

13. (informal) Bold and daring.
14. (hip-hop スラング) Good; superlative.
    • 1986, Run-D.M.C., "Peter Piper" (written by Darryl McDaniels かつ Joseph Simmons)

      "He's the big bad wolf in your neighborhood / not bad meaning bad, but bad meaning good"

15. (of a need または want) Severe, urgent.

    He is in bad need of a haircut.

使用する際の注意点

The comparative badder and superlative baddest are nonstandard.

同意語

• (not good): unfavorable, negative
• (not appropriate, of manners etc.):
• (not suitable または fitting):
• (tricky; stressful; unpleasant):
• (evil, wicked): wicked, evil, vile, vicious
• (not functional): faulty
• (of food): rotten
• (of breath): malodorous, foul
• (bold, daring): badass
• (of a need または want): severe, urgent, dire

• See also Thesaurus:bad

反意語

派生語

参考

副詞

bad (comparative worse, superlative worst)

1. (now colloquial) Badly.

   I didn't do too bad in the last exam.

名詞

bad (uncountable)

1. (slang) Error, mistake.

   Sorry, my bad!

   • 1993, Mitch Albom, Fab five: basketball, trash talk, the American dream‎^[1], page days:

     "My bad, My bad!” Juwan yelled, scowling

   • 2003, Zane, Skyscraper, page 7:

     “Chico, you're late again.” I turned around and stared him in his beady eyes. “I missed my bus. My bad, Donald.” “Your bad? Your bad? What kind of English is that?

   • 2008, Camika Spencer, Cubicles, page 68:

     Teresa broke out in laughter. “Dang, I sound like I'm talking to my man.” “I tried your cell phone, but you didn't answer.” “I left it at home, Friday. My bad.” “Yeah, your bad.” I laughed. “Really, I'm sorry. It won't happen again.

1. (countable, uncountable, economics) An item (または kind of item) of merchandise with negative value; an unwanted good.
   • 2011, Thompson, Henry, International Economics: Global Markets and Competition, 3rd edition, World Scientific, page 97:

     Imports are an economic good but exports an economic bad. Exports must be produced but are enjoyed by foreign consumers.

   • 2011, William J. Boyes, Michael Melvin, Economics, 9th edition, Cengage Learning, page 4:

     An economic bad is anything that you would pay to get rid of. It is not so hard to think of examples of bads: pollution, garbage, and disease fit the description.

語源 2

Probably identical to bad, etymology 1, above, especially in the sense "bold, daring".

形容詞

bad (comparative badder, superlative baddest)

1. (Should we move⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (slang) Fantastic.

   You is ^[sic] bad, man!

語源 3

From Middle English bad, from 古期英語 bæd, first and third-person singular indicative past tense of biddan (“to ask”).

動詞

bad

1. (archaic) Alternative past tense of bid. See bade.

語源 4

Unknown

動詞

bad (三人称単数 現在形 bads, 現在分詞 badding, 過去形および過去分詞形 badded)

1. (Britain, 方言, transitive) To shell (a walnut).
   • 1876, The Gloucester Journal, Oct. 7, 1876, reported in William John Thomas, Doran (John), Henry Frederick Turle, Joseph Knight, Vernon Horace Rendall, Florence Hayllar, Notes and Queries, page 346

     A curious specimen of Gloucestershire dialect c»me out in an assault case heard by the Gloucester court magistrates on Saturday. One of the witnesses, speaking of what a girl was doing at the time the assault took place, said she was ' badding ' walnuts in a pigstye. The word is peculiarly provincial : to ' bad ' walnuts is to strip away the husk. The walnut, too, is often called » 'bannut,' and hence the old Gloucestershire phrase, ' Come an' bad the bannuts.'

アナグラム

• ABD, ADB, BDA, D.B.A., DAB, DBA, abd., d/b/a, dab, dba

発音

• IPA^(key): /bɑːd/

動詞

bād

1. first-person singular preterite of bīdan
2. third-person singular preterite of bīdan