stormとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English storm, from 古期英語 storm (“a storm, tempest; a storm of arrows; disturbance, disquiet; uproar, tumult; rush, onrush, attack, violent attack”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturm, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”). Related to stir.

名詞

storm (複数形 storms)

1. Any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth's surface, and strongly implying destructive or unpleasant weather.

   The boat was torn to pieces in the storm, and nobody survived.

   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     We hear this fearful tempest sing, / Yet seek no shelter to avoid the storm.

   • 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 January 2012, page 70:

     Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.

2. (Australia) A thunderstorm.
3. A violent agitation of human society; a civil, political, or domestic commotion; violent outbreak.

   The proposed reforms have led to a political storm.

   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     Her sister / Began to scold and raise up such a storm.

4. (meteorology) A very strong wind on the wind scale, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane (10 または higher on the Beaufort scale).
5. (military) A violent assault on a stronghold or fortified position.

下位語

• See also Thesaurus:storm

等位語

• (meteorology): breeze, gale, hurricane

派生語

派生した語

• → Esperanto: ŝtormo
• → Irish: stoirm
• → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

参考

• blizzard

語源 2

From Middle English stormen, sturmen, from 古期英語 styrman (“to storm, rage; make a great noise, cry aloud, shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturmijan, from Proto-Germanic *sturmijaną (“to storm”). Cognate with Dutch stormen (“to storm; bluster”), Low German stormen (“to storm”), German stürmen (“to storm; rage; attack; assault”), Swedish storma (“to storm; bluster”), Icelandic storma (“to storm”).

動詞

storm (三人称単数 現在形 storms, 現在分詞 storming, 過去形および過去分詞形 stormed)

1. (impersonal) (weather it) To be violent, with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow.

   It stormed throughout the night.

2. (intransitive) (figurative) To rage or fume; to be in a violent temper.
   • 1731 (date written, published 1745)​, Jonathan Swift, “Directions to Servants”, in Thomas Sheridan and John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], volume XVI, new edition, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC:

     The master storms, the lady scolds.

3. (intransitive, with adverbial of direction) To move quickly and noisily like a storm, usually in a state of uproar or anger.

   She stormed out of the room.

   • 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, page 611:

     A lovely crisp exhaust: a feeling of almost unlimited power combined with complete freedom of running: and, to crown it all, a most melodious and wholly American chime whistle—these were my immediate impressions as we stormed rapidly out of Göttingen, intent on winning back some of the lost time.

4. (transitive) [army; crowd, rioters] To assault (a significant building) with the aim to gain power over it.

   Troops stormed the complex.

   the storming of the Bastille

   • 1974 [1973], Karol, K. S., “The August of the Ultra-Left”, in Mervyn Jones, transl., The Second Chinese Revolution‎^[2], Hill and Wang, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 278:

     The crowd was patient and never dreamed of storming Chungnanhai (which could scarcely have resisted a mass assault) and the most battle-tested groups made no attempt to send their commandos to kidnap the “highest leader.” Calm—if one may use the word—prevailed, and the group leaders were content to lead their followers in chanting slogans against Liu and quotations from Mao. The Chairman, like Vice-Chairman Lin Piao, had been away on a tour of inspection in the provinces since early July; at the time of the siege of Chungnanhai, he was in Wuhan.

5. (transitive) (rare, poetic) to assault, gain power over (heart, mind+).
   • 1750, Thomas Morell (lyrics), George Frideric Handel (music), “Theodora”‎^[3]:

     No engine can a tyrant find, to storm the truth-supported mind.

派生語

• bestorm

Further reading

• storm on Wikipedia.
• Beaufort scale on Wikipedia.
• Storm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• Morts, morts

別の表記

• stearm

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *sturm, whence also Old Saxon storm, Old High German sturm, Old Norse stormr.

発音

• IPA^(key): /storm/, [storˠm]

名詞

storm m

1. storm

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: storm
  • English: storm
    • → Esperanto: ŝtormo
    • → Irish: stoirm
    • → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm
  • Scots: storm
  • Yola: stharm, starm