attackとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音, General Australian) IPA^(key): /əˈtæk/
• 韻: -æk

名詞

attack (複数形 attacks)

1. An attempt to cause damage, injury to, or death of opponent or enemy.
   • 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 161:

     From 1906 to 1960, there were forty-six recorded shark attacks, half of which were fatal.

   • 2013 July 19, Mark Tran, “Denied an education by war”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 1:

     One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools […] as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.

2. An attempt to detract from the worth or credibility of, a person, position, idea, object, or thing, by physical, verbal, emotional, or other assault.
   • 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎^[1]:

     “I came down like a wolf on the fold, didn’t I ?  Why didn’t I telephone ?  Strategy, my dear boy, strategy. This is a surprise attack, and I’d no wish that the garrison, forewarned, should escape. …”

   They claimed the censorship of the article was an attack on free speech.

3. A time in which one attacks; the offence of a battle.

   The army timed their attack to coincide with the local celebrations.

4. (informal, by extension) The beginning of active operations on anything.

   Having washed the plates from dinner, I made an attack on the laundry.

5. (computing) An attempt to exploit a vulnerability in a computer system.

   birthday attack; denial-of-service attack

6. (cricket) Collectively, the bowlers of a cricket side.
7. (volleyball) Any contact with the ball other than a serve or block which sends the ball across the plane of the net.

   Synonyms: hit, spike

8. (lacrosse) The three attackmen on the field or all the attackmen of a team.
9. (medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition.

   I've had an attack of the flu.

10. An active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.
11. (music) The onset of a musical note, particularly with respect to the strength (かつ duration) of that onset.

    Antonyms: decay, release

    • 2004, Gary Giddins, Weather Bird: Jazz at the Dawn of Its Second Century (page 322)

      Eric Reed was a curious choice as pianist, since his busy Petersonian attack is the antithesis of Lewis's, but he acquitted himself with panache, […]

12. (audio) The amount of time it takes for the volume of an audio signal to go from zero to maximum level (e.g. an audio waveform representing a snare drum hit would feature a very fast attack, whereas that of a wave washing to shore would feature a slow attack).

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:attack

下位語

派生語

関連する語

動詞

attack (third-person singular simple present attacks, present participle attacking, simple past and past participle attacked or (廃れた用法) attackt or (廃れた用法, dialectal) attackted)

1. (transitive) To apply violent force to someone or something.

   This species of snake will only attack humans if it feels threatened.

2. (transitive) To aggressively challenge a person, idea, etc., with words (particularly in newspaper headlines, because it typesets into less space than "criticize" または similar).

   She published an article attacking the recent pay cuts.

   • 2012 June 3, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Mr. Plow” (season 4, episode 9; originally aired 11/19/1992)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[2], Fusion Media Group:

     In its God-like prime, The Simpsons attacked well-worn satirical fodder from unexpected angles, finding fresh laughs in the hoariest of subjects.

3. (transitive) To begin to affect; to act upon injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 25, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever.

   • 1866, Balfour Stewart, An Elementary Treatise on Heat

     Hydrofluoric acid […] attacks the glass.

4. (transitive) To deal with something in a direct way; to set to work upon.
   • 1922, Joseph Hergesheimer, Mountain Blood‎^[3]:

     He filled a basin with water, and, with an old brush and piece of sandsoap, attacked the stove.

   We’ll have dinner before we attack the biology homework.

   I attacked the meal with a hearty appetite.

5. (transitive, cricket) To aim balls at the batsman’s wicket.
6. (intransitive, cricket) To set a field, or bowl in a manner designed to get wickets.
7. (intransitive, cricket) To bat aggressively, so as to score runs quickly.
8. (soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.
   • 2011 October 15, Michael Da Silva, “Wigan 1 - 3 Bolton”, in BBC Sport‎^[4]:

     Six successive defeats had left them rooted to the bottom of the Premier League table but, clearly under instructions to attack from the outset, Bolton started far the brighter.

9. (cycling) To accelerate quickly in an attempt to get ahead of the other riders.
10. (chemistry) (Of a chemical species) To approach a chemical species or bond in order to form a bond with it.

Conjugation

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:attack

Further reading

• attack in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “attack”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• attack at OneLook Dictionary Search