metalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɛtəl/
• 韻: -ɛtəl
• 異形同音異義語: mettle (general), medal, meddle (in accents with flapping)

名詞

metal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 metals)

1. (heading) Chemical elements or alloys, and the mines where their ores come from.
   1. Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.
      • 2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

        Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated.

   2. Any material with similar physical properties, such as an alloy.
      • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

        But then I had the flintlock by me for protection. ¶ There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could have held that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […].

   3. (astronomy) An element which was not directly created after the Big Bang but instead formed through nuclear reactions; any element other than hydrogen and helium.
      • 2003, Michael A. Seeds, Astronomy: The Solar System and Beyond, Thomson Brooks/Cole, →ISBN:

        Most of the matter in stars is hydrogen and helium, and the metals (including carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, かつ so on) were cooked up inside stars.

      • 2008, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Geochemical Society, Oxygen in the solar system, Mineralogical Society of Amer →ISBN

        Thus, for the remaining elements, including oxygen, the solid phase appears to be important. In fact, at a metallicity of Z=0.02, and with a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, about half of the metals — including oxygen — are contained in the solid phase.

      • 2015, Alan Longstaff, Astrobiology: An Introduction, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 350:

        Metals include oxygen and carbon which means that water and organic molecules would have been abundant in the early universe, perhaps paving the way for the emergence of life within a couple of billion years of the Big Bang.

   5. Crushed rock, stones etc. used to make a road.
      • 1922, Falls Cyril, The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division‎^[1], M'Caw, Stevenson and Orr, Ltd:

        One of the most important tasks was the metalling of the roads, and the dumping of metal beside them in parts where it was impossible to lay it, in order that work might commence with the assault. The surface of the roads was good, but only because the Division had been holding a front so wide, which made the traffic upon them relatively light.

   6. (mining) The ore from which a metal is derived.^[1]
   7. (obsolete) A mine from which ores are taken.
      • 1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volumes (please specify |volume=I または II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:

        slaves […] and persons condemned to metals

2. (heraldry) A light tincture used in a coat of arms, specifically argent (white または silver) and or (gold).
3. Molten glass that is to be blown or moulded to form objects^[2].
4. (music) A category of rock music encompassing a number of genres (including thrash metal, death metal, heavy metal, etc.) characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars.
6. (figurative, archaic) The substance that constitutes something or someone; matter; hence, character or temper.

   Synonym: mettle

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 104:

     Leonato. Well, neece, I hope to ſee you one day fitted with a husband. / Beatrice. Not till God make men of ſome other mettall then earth, would it not grieue a woman to be over-maſtred with a peece of valiant duſt?

7. The effective power or calibre of guns carried by a vessel of war.
8. (UK, in the plural) The rails of a railway.
9. (informal, travel, aviation) The actual airline operating a flight, rather than any of the codeshare operators.

   We have American Airlines tickets, but it's on British Airways metal.

反意語

• (any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms): nonmetal

派生語

関連する語

• metalling (noun)

形容詞

metal (comparative more metal, superlative most metal)

1. (music) Characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars. [1970s and after]
2. Having the emotional or social characteristics associated with metal music; brash, bold, frank, unyielding, etc.
   • 2008, Lich King, “Attack of the Wrath of the War of the Death of the Strike of the Sword of the Blood of the Beast”, in Toxic Zombie Onslaught:

     The beast will destroy everything in his path
     With this song on the upcoming brawl
     It sure is a long one and tough to pronounce but
     It's the most metal title of all

   • 2012 August, “Tested Bowling Balls”, in Front‎^[2], number 171, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 40:

     Top tip: Bowling gloves are for sissies, although they look metal as fuck.

関連する語

• heavy metal

動詞

metal (三人称単数 現在形 metals, 現在分詞 metaling または metalling, 過去形および過去分詞形 metaled または metalled)

1. To make a road using crushed rock, stones etc.

参照