Whiteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• whight, whyte, whyght (廃れた用法)
• White, yt (race-related)

語源

From Middle English whit, hwit, from 古期英語 hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).

See also West Frisian wyt, Dutch wit, German weiß, Norwegian Bokmål hvit, Norwegian Nynorsk kvit; also Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”), Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”), Persian سفید‎ (sefid), Avestan ������������‎ (spaēta, “white”), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

発音

• enPR: wīt, IPA^(key): /waɪt/
• (without the wine–whine merger) enPR: hwīt, IPA^(key): /ʍaɪt/
• 韻: -aɪt
• 異形同音異義語: wight, Wight, wite (accents with the wine-whine merger)

形容詞

white (comparative whiter または more white, superlative whitest または most white)

1. Bright and colourless; reflecting equal quantities of all frequencies of visible light.

   Antonyms: black, nonwhite, unwhite

   Write in black ink on white paper.

   • c. 1878, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Holidays:

     white as the whitest lily on a stream.

2. (sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to Europeans or those of European descent, regardless if their skin has cool or warm undertones.
3. (sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to Caucasians (3rd defintion).
   • 1949, Wendell P. Alston, “The Green Book”, in The Negro Motorist Green Book, New York: Victor H. Green, published 1949, page 3:

     […] more white corporations cognizant of the mounting purchasing power of the Negro consumer, have Negro representatives in the field […].

   • 2004 May 9, Michael Joseph Gross, “When the Losers Ruled in Teenage Movies”, in New York Times‎^[1]:

     Ms. Ringwald finds a few things about these films regrettable. One thing she found "significantly disturbing," she wrote, "was how white the films are."

4. (sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
5. (chiefly historical) Designated for use by Caucasians.

   white drinking fountain

   white hospital

6. Relatively light or pale in colour.

   white wine

   white grapes

   white birch

7. Pale or pallid, as from fear, illness, etc.
   • 1812–1818, Lord Byron, “(please specify |canto=I to IV)”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

     Or whispering with white lips, "The foe! / They come! they come!"

8. (of a person or skin) Lacking coloration (tan) from ultraviolet light; not tanned.

   Synonyms: fair, pale

   Antonym: tanned

9. (of an animal) Affected by leucism.
10. (of coffee または tea) Containing cream, milk, or creamer.

    Antonym: black

11. (board games, chess) The standard denomination of the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the white set, no matter what the actual colour.

    The white pieces in this set are in fact made of light green glass.

12. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical order whose adherents dress in white habits; Cistercian.
13. Honourable, fair; decent.
    • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Second Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

      White as thy fame, and as thy honour clear.

    • 1737, Alexander Pope, First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace; republished in The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1902, page 194:

      No whiter page than Addison's remains. / He from the taste obscene reclaims our youth, / And sets the passions on the side of Truth,

    • 1901, Hamlin Garland, Her Mountain Lover, page 51:

      “I’ll put you down at my club; and then, the governor will want to see you in the country.” / Jim had no idea of what was involved in being put down at a club, but he consented. “That ’s mighty white of you, old man, but I don’t know where I shall make down.”

    • 1916, Julia Frankau, Twilight:

      He's a fine fellow, this Gabriel Stanton, a white man all through

    • 1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 12:

      ‘We've only met twice and you've been more than white to me both times.’

    • 1976, United Church of Christ, A.D., number 1, page 34:

      Even decency has been regarded as a white or Christian attribute, as is evidenced by the expression "that's very white of you"

14. Grey, as from old age; having silvery hair; hoary.
    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

      Your high engendered battles 'gainst a head / So old and white as this.

15. (archaic) Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the like; fortunate; happy; favourable.
    • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

      On the whole, however, the dominie reckoned this as one of the white days of his life.

16. (obsolete) Regarded with especial favour; favourite; darling.
    • c. 1626, John Ford, Tis Pity She's a Whore:

      I am his white boy, and will not be gulled.

17. (politics) Pertaining to constitutional or anti-revolutionary political parties or movements.
    • 1932, Duff Cooper, Talleyrand, Folio Society, published 2010, page 163:

      Aimée de Coigny had always adopted with enthusiasm the political views of her ruling lover and she had thus already held nearly every shade of opinion from red republicanism to white reaction.

18. (of tea) Made from immature leaves and shoots.
    • 2012, Mary Lou Heiss, Robert J. Heiss, The Tea Enthusiast's Handbook, →ISBN:

      Most often consisting of a budset pluck, a frost tea has the clarity and freshness of a white tea, with the richness and lingering finish of a finely crafted black tea.

19. (typography) Not containing characters; see white space.
20. (typography) Said of a symbol or character outline, not solid, not filled with color. Compare black (“said of a character または symbol filled with color”).

    Compare two Unicode symbols: ☞ = "WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX"; ☛ = "BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX"

21. Characterised by the presence of snow.

    a white Christmas

    a white Easter

22. (of a set of armor) Alwhite, pertaining to white armor.
    • 2015 August 31, Albrecht Classen, Handbook of Medieval Culture, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN:

      For instance, tyro jousters in fifteenth-century Iberia wore “white armor,” while experienced men wore surcoats over their harness (Fallows 2010, 80), while fabric-covered breastplates are depicted in many examples of fifteenth-century northern European art.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• Bislama: waet
• Tok Pisin: wait
• → Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)
• white fella
  • ⇒ Nyunga: wadjela
• white gin
  • ⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin
  • ⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin
  • ⇒ Wiradhuri: waajin

名詞

white (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 whites)

1. The color/colour of snow or milk; the colour of light containing equal amounts of all visible wavelengths.
   • 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 117:

     Not only were the platforms tiled in white, the tunnels were painted white too - to prettify them, and make them less claustrophobic - and the Central proudly issued a postcard of its tunnel-whitening machine.

2. A person of European descent with light-coloured skin.
   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     The Indians carried first our canoes and then our stores through the brushwood, which is very thick at this point, while we four whites, our rifles on our shoulders, walked between them and any danger coming from the woods.

   • 2012, Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow, →ISBN, page 54:

     The War on Drugs proved popular among key white voters, particularly whites who remained resentful of black progress, civil rights enforcement, and affirmative action.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:white person

3. Any butterfly of the subfamily Pierinae in the family Pieridae.
4. (countable and uncountable) White wine.
   • 1977, “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:

     A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / In our Italian Restaurant.

   • 2014, Maximillian Potter, Shadows in the Vineyard:

     Those were my first impressions of wine: Ladies drink chilled, soft white while they gossip in the kitchen; old men drink strong, room-temperature red to get shellacked.

5. (countable and uncountable) White coffee
6. (countable) Any object or substance that is of the color white.
   1. The albumen of bird eggs (egg white).
   2. (anatomy) The sclera, white of the eye.
      • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 203:

        You could see from afar the white of their eyeballs glistening.

   3. (sports, billiards, snooker, pool) The cue ball in cue games.
   4. (slang, US, UK) Cocaine
      • 2004, “On The Run”, Kanye West (music), performed by Bump J (featuring Rick James), Atlantic:

        I've got to hit the streets; I've got to move this white.

      • 2019 January 20, Ann Cleeves, Paul Matthew Thompson, 1:26:51 from the start, in Lawrence Gough, director, Vera(Cuckoo) (9), episode 2 (TV series), spoken by Tyler Lennon (Louis Healy):

        TYLER LENNON(played by Louis Healy): Ten grand a week we were clearing: base, white, meth, weed, anything. I can get you anything to get you high.

   5. The snow- or ice-covered "green" in snow golf.
   6. A white pigment.

      Venice white

   7. A white bean
      • 1952, Columbia River and Tributaries, Northwestern United States, United States Government Printing Office, page 3764:

        Nearly two-thirds of the Idaho crop has been great northerns, one-sixth small reds, and the remainder small flat whites and pintos and seed for snap beans and baby limas (table 21).

7. (archery) The central part of the butt, which was formerly painted white; the centre of a mark at which a missile is shot.
   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     'Twas I won the wager, though you hit the white.

8. The enclosed part of a letter of the alphabet, especially when handwritten.
   • 1594, Hugh Plat, chapter 38, in The Jewell House of Art and Nature‎^[2], London, page 42:

     Also it giueth a great grace to your writing, if the whites of certeine letters bee made of one equall bignesse with the o. supposing the same were all round, as the white of the b. of the a. p. y. v. w. x. q. d. g. and s.

   • 1677, Hannah Woolley, The Compleat Servant-Maid‎^[3], London: T. Passinger, page 18:

     […] the a. b. d. g. o. p. q. &c. […] must be made with equal whites.

   • 1931, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in Police at the Funeral‎^[4], Penguin, published 1939, page 157:

     She copied the whole alphabet like that, as though only the inside whites of the letters registered on her mind.

9. A feather, from the wing of the cock ostrich, that is of the palest possible shade.^[1]

   Synonym: prime

   • 1909, Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope, page 514:

     3.—Wing-Quills or Remiges; Whites and Feminas.—The wing-quills are the largest feathers in the wing, and are arranged in a single row. They include the “Whites” in the cock, and the “Feminas” in the hen, as well as the “Byocks” or “Fancies” in the cock.

   • 1909 August 12, “Ostrich Feathers of Tripoli”, in Neenah Daily Times, volume 53, number 8,451, Neenah, Wis., Menasha, Wis., column 5:

     The usual kinds of ostrich feathers known to the trade come into the Tripoli market. These are whites, blacks, feminas, byocks, spadonas, boos, drabs and floss.

   • 1910 October 30, The Arizona Republican, volume XXI, number 161, Phoenix, Ariz., page 9:

     Whites, primes, pound, $120 to $300 […] The whites and blacks come from the male birds, the feminas and drabs from the female, the spadones are the first clipping taken from the young birds and the tails from each.

   • 1923, South African Law Reports. Cape Provincial Division: Decisions of the Supreme Court of South Africa (Cape of Good Hope Provincial Decision)., page 532:

     This parcel included 286 lbs. of feathers known as whites, and 211 lbs. of feathers known as feminas. The whites are described as lot 12, and the feminas as lot 13.

10. (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (board games, chess) The person playing with the white set of pieces.

    In this position, white has an opportunity to make a good move.

派生語

動詞

white (三人称単数 現在形 whites, 現在分詞 whiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 whited)

1. (transitive) To make white; to whiten; to bleach.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 23:27:

     Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 9:3:

     so as no fuller on earth can white them

   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 199:

     In a very few hours I arrived in a city that always makes me think of a whited sepulchre.

派生語

• white out

参考

• leucite
• leukoma
• leukosis
• Sauvignon blanc
• Svetambara
• terra alba

参照

Further reading

• white on Wikipedia.
• Race on Wikipedia.
• white on Wikimedia Commons.

アナグラム

• withe