lateとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English late, lat, from 古期英語 læt (“slow; slack, lax, negligent; late”), from Proto-Germanic *lataz (“slow, lazy”).

形容詞

late (comparative later, superlative latest)

1. Near the end of a period of time.

   It was late in the evening when we finally arrived.

2. Specifically, near the end of the day.

   It was getting late and I was tired.

3. (usually not comparable) Associated with the end of a period.

   Late Latin is less fully inflected than classical Latin.

4. Not arriving until after an expected time.

   Even though we drove as fast as we could, we were still late.

   Panos was so late that he arrived at the meeting after Antonio, who had the excuse of being in hospital for most of the night.

5. Not having had an expected menstrual period.

   I'm late, honey. Could you buy a test?

   • 1992 February 5, Larry Charles; Elaine Pope, “The Fix-Up”, in Seinfeld, spoken by Cynthia (Maggie Wheeler):

     I am very worried. I am never late.

6. (not comparable, euphemistic) Deceased, dead: used particularly when speaking of the dead person's actions while alive. (Often used with "the"; see usage notes.)

   Her late husband had left her well provided for.

   The piece was composed by the late Igor Stravinsky.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071, page 181:

     To Edward […] he was terrible, nerve-inflaming, poisonously asphyxiating. He sat rocking himself in the late Mr. Churchill's swing chair, smoking and twaddling.

   • 1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):

     This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!

7. Existing or holding some position not long ago, but not now; departed, or gone out of office.

   the late bishop of London

   the late administration

   • 1640, Edvvard Reynoldes, A Treatise of the Passions and Facvlties of the Soul of Man. With the severall Dignities and Corruptions thereunto belonging., London: […] R. H. for Robert Bostock, […]:

     By Edvvard Reynoldes, late Preacher to the Honorable Society of Lincoln’s Inne: And now Rector of the Church of Braunſton in Northamptonſhire.

8. Recent — relative to the noun it modifies.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i], page 23, column 1:

     OLd Iohn of Gaunt, time-honoured Lancaſter,
     Haſt thou according to thy oath and band
     Brought hither Henry Herford thy bold ſon:
     Heere to make good yͤ boiſtrous late appeale,
     Which then our leyſure would not let vs heare,
     Againſt the Duke of Norfolke, Thomas Mowbray?

   • 1914, Robert Frost, “A Hundred Collars”, in North of Boston:

     Lancaster bore him—such a little town, / Such a great man. It doesn't see him often / Of late years, though he keeps the old homestead / And sends the children down there with their mother […]

9. (astronomy) Of a star or class of stars, cooler than the sun.

使用する際の注意点

• (deceased): Late in this sense is unusual among English adjectives in that it qualifies named individuals (in phrases like the late Mary) without creating a contrast with another Mary who is not late. Contrast hungry: a phrase like the hungry Mary is usually only used if another Mary is under discussion who is not hungry.

名詞

late (複数形 lates)

1. (informal) A shift (scheduled work period) that takes place late in the day or at night.
   • 2007, Paul W Browning, The Good Guys Wear Blue:

     At about 11 pm one night in Corporation Street my watch were on van patrol and Yellow Watch were on late as usual.

反意語

• early

副詞

late (comparative later, superlative latest)

1. After a deadline has passed, past a designated time.

   We drove as fast as we could, but we still arrived late.

2. Formerly, especially in the context of service in a military unit.

   Colonel Easterwood, late of the 34th Carbines, was a guest at the dinner party.

   The Hendersons will all be there / Late of Pablo Fanque's Fair / What a scene!

3. Not long ago; just now.
   • c. 1596–1598, William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i], page 181, column 1:

     He ſhall doe this, or elſe I doe recant / The pardon that I late pronounced heere.

同意語

• (past a designated time): belatedly; see also Thesaurus:belatedly
• (formerly): erenow; see also Thesaurus:formerly
• (not long ago): freshly; see also Thesaurus:recently

派生語

参照

• 2009 April 3, Peter T. Daniels, "Re: Has 'late' split up into a pair of homonyms?", message-ID <bdb13686-a6e4-43cd-8445-efe353365394@l13g2000vba.googlegroups.com>, alt.usage.english and sci.lang, Usenet.

アナグラム

• EATL, ETLA, Elta, TEAL, TEAl, Teal, et al, et al., leat, tael, tale, teal, tela

Latin

副詞

lātē (comparative lātius, superlative lātissimē)

1. broadly, widely
2. extensively
3. far and wide, everywhere
4. lavishly, to excess

関連する語

• lātus

参照

• late in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• late in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the twigs are shooting out, spreading: rami late diffunduntur
    
  • to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)