motherとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/, [ˈmɐðə(ɹ)]
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmʌðɚ/
• 韻: -ʌðə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: moth‧er

語源 1

A mother cat and her kittens

From Middle English moder, from 古期英語 mōdor, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Superseded non-native Middle English mere (“mother”) borrowed from Old French mere (“mother”). Doublet of mater.

別の表記

• mither (Scotland かつ Northern England)

名詞

mother (複数形 mothers)

1. A (human) female who has given birth to a baby

   I am visiting my mother today.

   My sister-in-law has just become a mother.

   He had something of his mother in him.

   • 1988, Robert Ferro, Second Son:

     He had something of his mother in him, but this was because he realized that in the end only her love was unconditional, and in gratitude he had emulated her.

2. A human female who parents an adopted or fostered child
3. A human female who donates a fertilized egg or donates a body cell which has resulted in a clone.
4. A pregnant female, possibly as a shortened form of mother-to-be.

   Nutrients and oxygen obtained by the mother are conveyed to the fetus.

   • 1991, Susan Faludi, The Undeclared War Against American Women:

     The antiabortion iconography in the last decade featured the fetus but never the mother.

5. A female parent of an animal.

   The lioness was a mother of four cubs.

6. (figurative) A female ancestor.
   • 1525, William Tyndale, Bible, Genesis, 3, xx:

     And Ada^[Adam] called his wyfe Heua^[Eve] because she was the mother of all that lyveth

7. (figurative) A source or origin.

   The Mediterranean was mother to many cultures and languages.

   • 1606, William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act 4, Scene 3, 1866, George Steevens (editor), The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, page 278:

     Alas, poor country: / Almost afraid to know itself! It cannot / Be call'd our mother, but our grave:

   • 1844, Thomas Arnold, Fragment on the Church, Volume 1, page 17:

     But one in the place of God and not God, is as it were a falsehood; it is the mother falsehood from which all idolatry is derived.

8. Something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind. (See mother of all.)
   • 1991, January 17, Saddam Hussein, Broadcast on Baghdad state radio.

     The great duel, the mother of all battles has begun.

9. (when followed by a surname) A title of respect for one's mother-in-law.

   Mother Smith, meet my cousin, Doug Jones.

10. (figurative) Any elderly woman, especially within a particular community.
11. (figurative) Any person or entity which performs mothering.
    • Judges 5:7, KJV.

      The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel.

    • Galatians 4:26, KJV.

      Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.

12. The principal piece of an astrolabe, into which the others are fixed.
13. The female superior or head of a religious house; an abbess, etc.
14. (obsolete) Hysterical passion; hysteria; the uterus.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)

    • 1665, Robert Lovel, Pambotanologia sive Enchiridion botanicum, page 484:

      T.V. dicusseth tumors and mollifieth them, helps inflammations, rising of the mother and the epilepsie being burnt.

    • 1666, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physitian Enlarged, page 49:

      The Root hereof taken with Zedoary and Angelică, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother.

    • 1979, Thomas R. Forbes, The changing face of death in London, in Charles Webster (editor), Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century (1979), page 128:

      St Botolph's parish records ascribed three deaths to 'mother', an old name for the uterus.

同意語

• (one’s female parent): See also Thesaurus:mother
• (most significant thing): father, grandfather, granddaddy
• (of または pertaining to the mother, such as metropolis): metro-

反意語

• (with regards to gender) father
• (with regards to ancestry) daughter, son, child, offspring

上位語

• (a female parent): parent

等位語

• (a female parent): father

関連する語

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English modren, from the noun (see above).

動詞

mother (三人称単数 現在形 mothers, 現在分詞 mothering, 過去形および過去分詞形 mothered)

1. (chiefly transitive) To give birth to or produce (as its female parent) a child. (Compare father.)
   • 1998, Nina Revoyr, The Necessary Hunger: A Novel, Macmillan (→ISBN), page 101:

     Q's sister, Debbie, had mothered two kids by the time she was twenty, with neither of the fathers in sight.

   • 2010, Lynette Joseph-Bani, The Biblical Journey of Slavery: From Egypt to the Americas, AuthorHouse (→ISBN), page 51:

     Zilpah, Leah's maid, mothered two sons for Jacob, Gad and Asher. Leah became pregnant once more and had two more sons, Issachar, and Zebulun, and a daughter, Dinah, thus Leah had seven children for Jacob.

2. (transitive) To treat as a mother would be expected to treat her child; to nurture.
   • c. 1900, O. Henry, An Adjustment of Nature

     She had seen fewer years than any of us, but she was of such superb Evehood and simplicity that she mothered us from the beginning.

参照

• American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company 2003.

語源 3

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“sediment”), perhaps through intermediate Middle Dutch modder (“filth, dregs”).

名詞

mother (複数形 mothers)

1. A stringy, mucilaginous or film- or membrane-like substance (consisting of acetobacters) which develops in fermenting alcoholic liquids (such as wine, または cider), and turns the alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air.

   pieces of mother, adding mother to vinegar

動詞

mother (三人称単数 現在形 mothers, 現在分詞 mothering, 過去形および過去分詞形 mothered)

1. (transitive) To cause to contain mother (“that substance which develops in fermenting alcohol かつ turns it into vinegar”).

   mothered oil / vinegar / wine

2. (intransitive, of an alcohol) To develop mother.
   • 1968, Evelyn Berckman, The Heir of Starvelings, page 172:

     Iron rusted, paper cracked, cream soured and vinegar mothered.

   • 2013, Richard Dauenhauer, Benchmarks: New and Selected Poems 1963-2013, page 94:

     Your lamp / was always polished, wick / trimmed, waiting; yet the bridegroom / somehow never came. Summer dust / settled in the vineyard. Grapes / were harvested; your parents / crushed and pressed them, but the wine / mothered.

語源 4

Clipping of motherfucker

別の表記

• mutha

名詞

mother (複数形 mothers)

1. (euphemistic, vulgar, slang) Motherfucker.
   • 1989 December 19, Slim Randles, “Entrepreneur Hopes Luminaria Delivery Service Catches On”, in The Albuquerque Journal, Albuquerque, New Mexico, page 2:

     Stick a votive candle in it and fire that mother up, right?

   • 2011, Beyoncé Knowles (lyrics かつ music), “Run the World (Girls)”, in 4‎^[1]:

     Who run this mother

2. (euphemistic, colloquial) A striking example.
   • 1964, Richard L. Newhafer, The last tallyho:

     November, 1943 If ever, Cortney Anders promised himself, I get out of this mother of a thunderstorm there is a thing I will do if it is the last act of my life.

   • 1980, Chester Anderson, Fox & hare: the story of a Friday night, page 5:

     Some hot night there's gonna be one mother of a riot down here. Just wait." He'd been saying the same thing since 1958, five years of crying wolf.

   • 2004 Nov, Rajnar Vajra, “The Ghost Within”, in Analog Science Fiction & Fact, volume 124, page 8:

     Basically, we wind up with a program. One mother of a complex application.

   • 2006, Elizabeth Robinson, The true and outstanding adventures of the Hunt sisters:

     Josh, whose fleshy face resembles a rhino's - beady wide-set eyes blinking between a mother of a snout

同意語

• MF, mofo, motherfucker, mutha

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈmɒðə/, /ˈmɒθə/
• (米国発音): IPA^(key): /ˈmɔðɚ/, /ˈmɔθɚ/
  • (cot–caught merger): IPA^(key): /ˈmɑðɚ/, /ˈmɑθɚ/
• 韻: -ɒðə(r), -ɒθə(ɹ)

The th component is voiced /ð/ or voiceless /θ/ predictably depending on whether the pronunciation of mouser has voiced /z/ or voiceless /s/.

名詞

moth-er (複数形 moth-ers)

1. A person (especially an entomologist) or animal that catches moths.
   • 1997 May, Backpacker, volume 25, number 4, page 30:

     Modern moth-ers use black lights, mercury vapor lamps, and portable generators to saturate the night sky[.]

   • 1997, Joshua M. Epstein, Nonlinear Dynamics, Mathematical Biology, and Social Science:

     Many species of bats are skilled ‘moth-ers’: they pursue them at speed after detecting them[.]

   • 2015, Tessa Wardley, The Countryside Book: 101 Ways To Play, Watch Wildlife, ...:

     Real moth-ers, mothies or lepidopterists, will use a mercury vapour bulb and even a special trap[.]

別の表記

• mother

アナグラム

• thermo-