Pressとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Middle English presse (“throng, crowd, clothespress”), partially from 古期英語 press (“clothespress”) (from Medieval Latin pressa) and partially from Old French presse (Modern French presse) from Old French presser (“to press”), from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere (“to press”). Displaced native Middle English thring (“press, crowd, throng”) (from 古期英語 þring (“a press, crowd, anything that presses または confines”)).

名詞

press (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 presses)

1. (countable) A device used to apply pressure to an item.

   a flower press

2. (countable) A printing machine.

   Synonym: printing press

   Stop the presses!

3. (uncountable, collective) The print-based media (both the people かつ the newspapers).

   according to a member of the press

   This article appeared in the press.

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 22, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

   • 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.

4. (countable) A publisher.
5. (countable, especially in Ireland and Scotland) An enclosed storage space (e.g. closet, cupboard).

   Put the cups in the press.

   Put the ironing in the linen press.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶ […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, […].

6. (countable, weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is forced away from the body by extension of the arms or legs.
   • 1974, Charles Gaines & George Butler, Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding, p.22:

     This is the fourth set of benchpresses. There will be five more; then there will be five sets of presses on an inclined bench […].

7. (countable, wagering) An additional bet in a golf match that duplicates an existing (usually losing) wager in value, but begins even at the time of the bet.

   He can even the match with a press.

8. (countable) Pure, unfermented grape juice.

   I would like some Concord press with my meal tonight.

9. A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.

   Synonym: press-gang

   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     I have misused the king's press.

10. (obsolete) A crowd.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Luke 19:3:

      And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature.

11. This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

      a slaloming winger putting lumpen defenders on their backsides, or even a sneaky centre-forward, using his boundless energy to lead the press and force mistakes.

12. (psychology) In personology, any environmental factor that arouses a need in the individual.
    • 2009, Allison E. Smith, Ageing in Urban Neighbourhoods (page 88)

      The environmental comfort category is illustrative of cases in which there are low environmental presses matched against a number of personal competences.

同意語

• (storage space): See closet, cupboard, pantry

派生語

語源 2

Middle English pressen (“to crowd, thring, press”), from Old French presser (“to press”) (Modern French presser) from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere "to press". Displaced native Middle English thringen (“to press, crowd, throng”) (from 古期英語 þringan (“to press, crowd”)), Middle English thrasten (“to press, force, urge”) (from 古期英語 þrǣstan (“to press, force”)), 古期英語 þryscan (“to press”), 古期英語 þȳwan (“to press, impress”).

動詞

press (三人称単数 現在形 presses, 現在分詞 pressing, 過去形および過去分詞形 pressed または prest)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To exert weight or force against, to act upon with force or weight; to exert pressure upon.
2. (transitive, mechanics, electronics) To activate a button or key by exerting a downward or forward force on it, and then releasing it.

   Synonyms: strike, hit, depress

3. (transitive) To compress, squeeze.

   Synonyms: thring, thrutch; see also Thesaurus:compress

   to press fruit for the purpose of extracting the juice

4. (transitive) To clasp, hold in an embrace.

   Synonym: hug

   • a. 1701, John Dryden, “The Last Parting of Hector and Andromache. From the Sixth Book of the Iliad.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, OCLC 863244003, page 456:

     With tears and ſmiles ſhe took her ſon, and preſs'd / Th' illuſtrious infant to her fragrant breaſt.

5. (transitive) To reduce to a particular shape or form by pressure, especially flatten or smooth.

   to press cloth with a clothes-iron

   to press a hat

6. (transitive, sewing) To flatten a selected area of fabric using an iron with an up-and-down, not sliding, motion, so as to avoid disturbing adjacent areas.
7. (transitive) To drive or thrust by pressure, to force in a certain direction.

   Synonyms: thring, thrutch

   to press a crowd back

8. (transitive, obsolete) To weigh upon, oppress, trouble.
   • c. 1621, John Fletcher, “act I, scene ii”, in The Pilgrim:

     He turns from us; / Alas, he weeps too! Something presses him / He would reveal, but dare not. Sir, be comforted.

9. (transitive) To force to a certain end or result; to urge strongly.

   Synonym: impel

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], OCLC 995220039, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, かつ Japan):

     The two gentlemen who conducted me to the island were pressed by their private affairs to return in three days.

10. To try to force (something upon someone).

    Synonyms: urge, inculcate

    to press the Bible on an audience

    • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 6484883, Act II, page 27:

      He press'd a letter upon me within this hour.

    • 1713, Joseph Addison, Cato, published 1712, [Act 1, scene 1]:

      Be sure to press upon him every motive.

11. (transitive) To hasten, urge onward.

    to press a horse in a race

12. (transitive) To urge, beseech, entreat.
    • 1825, John Winthrop, The History of New England, volume II, page 29:

      God heard their prayers, wherein they earnestly pressed him for the honor of his great name.

13. (transitive) To lay stress upon.

    Synonym: emphasize

    • 1873, Matthew Arnold, “preface”, in Literature and Dogma:

      If we read but a very little, we naturally want to press it all; if we read a great deal, we are willing not to press the whole of what we read, and we learn what ought to be pressed and what not.

14. (transitive, intransitive) To throng, crowd.

    Synonyms: thring, thrutch; see also Thesaurus:assemble

15. (transitive, obsolete) To print.
16. To force into service, particularly into naval service.

    Synonym: press-gang

    • 1697, “The First Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432:

      The peaceful peasant to the wars is press'd.

派生語

• press charges
• press on

参考

• hot press (baking, laundry)
• hot off the press (printing)
• press down

参照

• Entry for the imperfect and past participle in Webster's dictionary
• press in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• “press”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000

アナグラム

• ERSPs, RESPs, SERPs, Spers