answerとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• answeare, aunswer, aunswere (廃れた用法)

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːn.sə/, /ˈan.sə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈæn.sɚ/
• (æ-tensing, rhotic) IPA^(key): [ˈeən.sɚ]
• (æ-tensing, non-rhotic) IPA^(key): [ˈeən.sə]
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈeːnsə/
• ハイフネーション: an‧swer
• 韻: -ɑːnsə(ɹ), -ænsə(ɹ)

語源 1

From Middle English answere, andsware, from 古期英語 andswaru (“answer”), from and- (“against”) +‎ -swaru (“affirmation”), (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“front, forehead”) and 古期英語 swerian (“to swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer-), suggesting an original meaning of "a sworn statement rebutting a charge". The cognates suggest the existence of Proto-Germanic *andaswarō (“a reply to a question”). Cognate with Old Frisian ondser (“answer”), Old Saxon andswōr (“answer”), Danish and Swedish ansvar (“liability, responsibility, answer”), Icelandic andsvar (“answer, response”). Compare also 古期英語 andwyrde (“answer”) (cognate to Dutch antwoord, German Antwort), 古期英語 andcwiss (“reply”), German Schwur (“oath, vow”).

名詞

answer (複数形 answers)

1. A response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question.

   Her answer to his proposal was a slap in the face.

2. A solution to a problem.

   There is no simple answer to corruption.

3. The proper or effective response.

   Violence is not the answer to disagreements.

4. (law) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.

派生語

参考

• ask

語源 2

From Middle English answeren, andswaren, answerien, from 古期英語 andswarian, answarien (“to answer, to respond, to deny an allegation under oath”), from Proto-Germanic *andaswarōną, *andaswarjaną (“to answer, to give a response, to rebut”), from *anda- (“against”) +‎ *swarjaną, *swarōną (“to swear an oath, to answer, to respond”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”) and *h₂ent- (“face, forehead”), equivalent to and- (“against, back”) +‎ swear. Cognate with Old Frisian ondswera (“to answer”), Danish ansvare (“to answer, account for”), Swedish ansvara (“to answer, account for”), Icelandic andsvara (“to answer, reply”).

動詞

answer (三人称単数 現在形 answers, 現在分詞 answering, 過去形および過去分詞形 answered)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To make a reply or response to.
   • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC; Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], 4th edition, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC:

     She answers him as if she knew his mind:

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 18:26:

     […] there was no voice, nor any that answered.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     “Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.

   He answered the question.

2. (transitive) To speak in defence against; to reply to in defence.

   to answer a charge or accusation

3. (transitive, intransitive) To respond to a call by someone at a door or telephone, or other similar piece of equipment.

   She answered the door.

   Nobody answered when I knocked on the door.

4. (transitive, intransitive) To suit a need or purpose satisfactorily.
   • 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 6, in Emma: […], volume III, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:

     Mr. Knightley had done all in his power for Mr. Woodhouse’s entertainment. Books of engravings, drawers of medals, cameos, corals, shells, and every other family collection within his cabinets, had been prepared for his old friend, to while away the morning; and the kindness had perfectly answered.

   • 1864, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, Uncle Silas:

     Inexperienced girl as I was, I fired at the idea of becoming his dupe, and fancying, perhaps, that there was more in merely answering his note than it would have amounted to, I said — "That kind of thing may answer very well with button-makers, but ladies don't like it. […]

   • 1871, Alexander J. Ellis, On Early English Pronunciation, London: Trübner & Co., Part III, Chapter 7, section 1, p. 656, footnote 1,^[1]

     Of course for publication in a newspaper, my palaeotype would not answer, but my glossotype would enable the author to give his Pennsylvania German in an English form and much more intelligibly.

   • 1903, Samuel Butler, chapter 41, in The Way of All Flesh:

     Theobald spoke as if watches had half-a-dozen purposes besides time-keeping, but he could hardly open his mouth without using one or other of his tags, and "answering every purpose" was one of them.

   It answers the need.

5. To be accountable or responsible; to make amends.

   Synonym: answer for

   The man must answer to his employer for the money entrusted to his care.

   He has a lot to answer for.

   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene viii], page 90, column 2:

     And pleaſe your Maiestie, let his Neck anſwere for it, if there is any Marſhall Law in the World.

6. (law) To file a document in response to a complaint.
7. To correspond to; to be in harmony with; to be in agreement with.
   • 1775, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Duenna, Dublin: G. Burnet et al., 1794, Act II, Scene 2, p. 25,^[2]

     Egad, I wish she had answer’d her picture as well.

   • 1793, Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, Dublin: Luke White, Volume II, Book V, Chapter 2, p. 231,^[3]

     The use of dunder in the making of rum, answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour.

8. To be opposite, or to act in opposition.
   • 1786, William Gilpin, Observations, relative chiefly to picturesque beauty, made in the year 1772: on several parts of England; particularly the mountains, and lakes of Cumberland, and Westmoreland, London: R. Blamire, Volume II, Section 19, p. 85,^[4]

     The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon through them […]

9. To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 72, column 2:

     […] that the time may haue all ſhadow, and ſilence in it: and the place anſwere to conuenience

   • c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon,  […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     If this but answer to my just belief, / I’ll well remember you.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 27:19:

     As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man.

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Emperor of Lilliput, Attended by Several of the Nobility, Come to See the Author in His Confinement. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 36:

     […] I might carry about me several Weapons, which must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the Bulk of so prodigious a Person.

10. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification; to refute.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 22:46:

      […] no man was able to answer him a word, neither durst any man from that day forth ask him any more questions.

    • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC:

      These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant / Though by his blindness maim’d for high attempts, / Who now defies thee thrice to single fight,

    • 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 14, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 354:

      The reasoning was not and could not be answered.

11. To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, or demand.

    He answered my claim upon him.

    The servant answered the bell.

    • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

      […] this proud king […] studies day and night / To answer all the debts he owes unto you

    • 1764, John Nourse, Navigation Or, the Art of Sailing Upon the Sea, page 65:

      The faster a ship sails, the better she will answer her helm; if she sail very slow, she will scarce steer at all. If she heel much, she won't answer the helm so well.

12. (obsolete) To render account to or for.
    • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

      […] I will, by to-morrow dinner-time, / Send him to answer thee, or any man, / For any thing he shall be charged withal:

13. (obsolete) To atone for; to be punished for.
    • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

      […] The noble Brutus / Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: / If it were so, it was a grievous fault, / And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.

14. (obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 10:19:

      A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money answereth all things.

派生語

参考

• question

アナグラム

• Warnes, awners, resawn